北京地区校园建筑冬季室内微生物气溶胶浓度水平分析

Study on the Indoor Microbial Aerosol Concentration Level in Campus Buildings in the Winter,Beijing

深入研究校园建筑室内微生物气溶胶的浓度水平、分布特征和影响因素对改善校园建筑室内微生物污染、保护人体健康及制定标准提供基础数据具有重要意义。本研究在优化微生物气溶胶采样方案后,对学校建筑在冬季的室内外细菌和真菌气溶胶浓度进行了测试,且同时测试了相关环境参数如室内温度、相对湿度、颗粒物、CO2和甲醛浓度。本文主要对校园不同场所室内细菌和真菌气溶胶的浓度水平、粒径分布及差异性进行了分析和探讨。结果表明:1)相较于自然沉降法,设置合理采样时间的撞击法为微生物气溶胶采样的优化方案。2)校园大部分场所室内细菌气溶胶浓度高于真菌,细菌污染源强度高于真菌。其中室内细菌气溶胶的浓度为(117~3 340) cfu/m^3,真菌为(79~1 145) cfu/m^3,细菌与真菌浓度比B/F为0.098~6.18。3)不同场所室内微生物气溶胶浓度呈非均匀化分布,Kruskal-Wallis检验表明不同功能建筑室内微生物气溶胶污染水平差异性显著,具有统计学意义。4)室内各粒径段的细菌和真菌气溶胶的浓度分布具有差异性,其室内细菌气溶胶的中值直径为2.25~3.59μm,真菌为2.07~2.73μm,中值直径均小于室外。研究结果可为学校类公共场所室内微生物标准制定和污染防控提供基础数据。

The in-depth study on the concentration,distribution and influencing factors of indoor microbial aerosols in different campus buildings is significant to improve campus indoor microbial pollution,protect human health and provide basic data for the standards establishment.This study firstly optimized the sampling scheme of microbial aerosol,and then tested the indoor and outdoor concentrations of bacterial and fungal aerosols in different campus buildings,and simultaneously tested the temperature,relative humidity,particulate matter,CO2 and formaldehyde concentration.The distributions of the concentration and particle size of bacterial and fungal aerosols in different campus buildings were mainly analyzed and discussed in this paper.The results indicate that compared with the natural sedimentation method,the impacting sampling method with appropriate sampling time was the optimal sampling scheme of microbial aerosol.In the most of tested buildings,the concentration and the source intensity of the bacterial aerosols were higher than those of fungal aerosols.The concentration of bacterial aerosols and that of the fungal aerosols were in the ranges of 117 to 3 340 cfu/m^3 and 79 to 1 145 cfu/m^3,respectively.The concentration ratio of indoor bacterial and fungal aerosols indicated by B/F was 0.098 ~ 6.18.The particle size distribution of bacterial and fungal aerosols varied with different campus buildings.According to the Kruskal-Wallis test,the pollution of indoor microbial aerosols was significantly different in different campus buildings.The concentrations of bacterial and fungal aerosols in different particle sizes were different.The median diameters of indoor bacterial and fungal aerosols were in the ranges of 2.25 to 3.59 μm and 2.07 to 2.73 μm,respectively.The indoor median diameter of microbial aerosols was smaller than that of outdoor.The results can provide basic data for the establishment of indoor microbial aerosol standards in school public places and for the pollution prevention and control.