地铁车辆轮轨型面匹配及其对接触应力的影响

Wheel Rail Profile Matching of Metro Vehicles and Its Influence on Contact Stress

为了改善地铁车轮出现的异常磨耗问题,对上海地铁3号线车辆车轮踏面DIN5573出现的磨耗进行测试,获得2种磨耗车轮踏面。在SIMPACK软件中建立了地铁车辆动力学仿真模型,计算得到未磨耗、凹形磨耗、沟槽状磨耗3种车轮踏面与TB60,60N钢轨型面匹配时轮对横移量,将其输入到用ABAQUS软件建立的轮轨三维弹塑性有限元模型,分析不同轮轨型面匹配对接触应力的影响。结果表明:3种车轮踏面与60N钢轨型面匹配时轮轨接触点均匀分布在轨顶和车轮踏面中部,等效锥度基本稳定;在半径350 m的曲线上,与TB60钢轨型面匹配相比,3种车轮踏面与60N钢轨型面匹配时轮轨最大接触应力最多减小384.9 MPa,钢轨、车轮最大Mises应力最大减幅分别为40%,35%。城市轨道交通小半径曲线地段较多,采用60N钢轨型面可以明显降低曲线外股的接触应力,减少轮缘磨耗和钢轨侧磨,从而降低钢轨疲劳伤损。

In order to improve the abnormal wear of metro wheels,two kinds of wear wheel treads were obtained bytesting the wear of wheel tread DIN5573 of Shanghai Metro Line 3.The dynamic simulation model of metro vehicle wasestablished in SIMPACK software,and the lateral displacement of wheel pair was calculated when the three wheeltreads of no wear,concave wear and grooved wear were matched with TB60 and 60 N rail profile,which was input intothe wheel rail three-dimensional elastic-plastic finite element model established by ABAQUS software,and theinfluence of different wheel-rail profile matching on contact stress was analyzed.The results show that when the threewheel treads match with the 60 N rail profile,the wheel-rail contact points are evenly distributed on the rail top and themiddle of the wheel tread,and the equivalent taper is basically stable.On the curve with a radius of 350 m,comparedwith TB60 rail profile matching,the maximum of wheel-rail contact stress is reduced by up to about 384.9 MPa when thethree wheel treads are matched with 60 N rail profile,and the maximum reduction of the maximum Mises stress of railand wheel is 40%and 35%respectively.There are many small radius curve sections in urban rail transit.The use of 60 Nrail profile can significantly reduce the contact stress of the outer strands of the curve,reduce the wheel flange wear andrail side wear,thus reducing the rail fatigue damage.