三座城市8~10岁儿童营养状况与体能的关系

Relationship between nutrition status and physical fitness in 8-10 year-old children in 3 cities

目的研究三城市8~10岁儿童营养状况与体能之间的关系,为改善学龄儿童身体素质提供科学依据。方法2018年采用方便抽取方法,对北京、长治、乌鲁木齐24所小学共1384名四年级学生进行调查,包括身高、体重的测量和体能指标测试(立定跳远、耐力跑、1 min跳绳、1 min仰卧起坐),使用2018年颁布的《学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查》(WS/T 586—2018)评价超重及肥胖。使用混合线性模型,比较不同营养状况学生的体能状况水平,并分析体质量指数(BMI)与体能的关系。结果1384名学生超重、肥胖检出率分别为17.41%,23.48%,男生超重、肥胖检出率均高于女生(χ~2值分别为9.84,47.68,P值均<0.01)。广义混合线性模型分析发现,同年龄、同性别学生BMI增加与体能变差有关(P值均<0.05)。正常体重学生的体能测试结果优于超重肥胖学生(P值均<0.05),在不同性别学生中结果一致。结论8~10岁儿童营养状况与体能之间存在负相关,超重和肥胖学生的体能比正常体重学生差。

Objective To study the relationship between nutrition status and physical fitness in 8-10 year-old children in 3 cities,and to provide a scientific reference for improving physical condition of chidren of pre-school age.Methods To investigate the weight,height and physical fitness(standing long jump,endurance running,rope skipping in one minute and sit-ups in one minute)of 1384 children in grade four from 24 primary schools in Beijing,Changzhi,Urumchi in 2018.Evaluated overweight and obesity by using the standard of"Screening for Overweight and Obesity among School-age Children".Then used mixed linear model to compare the physical fitness of students with different nutritional status and to analyze the relationship between BMI and physical fitness.Results The prevalence of overweight and obesity were 17.41%and 23.48%,respectively.And the prevalence in boys was both more than that in girls(χ~2=9.84,47.68,P<0.01).The increase in BMI of children from the same age and the same gender was related with the decrease in physical fitness by correlation analysis(P<0.05).In comparison method,the performance of the students of normal weight was better than obese students,but the male and female students had got the same results in their physical fitness test(P<0.05).Conclusion There is a negative correlation between nutrition status and physical fitness and the physical fitness in normal weight and obese children are better than the overweight children or obese children.