中生菌素和生石灰对芝麻青枯病的联合防控效果

Joint Control of Sesame Bacterial Wilt with Lime and Zhongshengmycin

为探索高密度栽培芝麻青枯病Ralstonia solanacearum的高效防控,分析了江西土壤pH分布与芝麻青枯病发生程度关系,测定了生石灰土壤处理对芝麻的安全性及对青枯病抑制效果,开展了中生菌素喷雾和生石灰土壤处理联合防控芝麻青枯病试验。结果表明,芝麻青枯病发生重的田块土样pH多集中分布在4.5~5.5,pH4.5~5.5的芝麻田土样占比69.17%。生石灰1125~2250kg/hm^2土壤处理,赣芝5号和豫芝11出苗率与空白对照没有显著性差异,幼苗素质优于空白对照,尤其是茎基部直径显著高于空白对照;现蕾期~成熟期青枯病病情指数均始终低于空白对照,现蕾期~盛花前期病情指数比空白对照降低30%以上。芝麻播种前生石灰1125~2250 kg/hm^2土壤处理,芝麻定苗和初花期3%中生菌素可湿性粉剂22.5 g.ai/hm^2各喷雾1次,对青枯病的联合防控效果73.46%~74.89%,显著高于中生菌素单用3次的防效(P<0.05),芝麻增产率31.33%~32.49%,增产效果优于中生菌素单用处理。

To explore the effective prevention and control of Ralatonia solanacearumin high-density cultivation, the relationship between the pH distribution of soil and the occurrence of bacterial wilt of sesame were analyzed in Jiangxi province, the safety of quicklime soil treatment to sesame and its resistance to bacterial wilt were assessed, and a trail was carried out on the prevention and control of bacterial wilt of sesame by the combination of Zhongshengmycin spray and quicklime soil treatment. The results showed that the pH value of soil samples in the field where severe symptoms of bacterial wilt observed in sesame was concentrated in the range of 4.5-5.5, and the soil samples with pH value of 4.5-5.5 accounted for 69.17% in sesame fields.Withquicklime 1125-2250 kg/hm^2 soil treatment, the seedling emergence rates of Ganzhi 5 and Yuzhi 11 were not significant different from that of the blank control group. The seedling qualities of these two varieties were better than the blank control, especially root-collar diameters of these two varieties were significantly higher than the blank control. The disease index from the budding stage to the mature stage was always lower than the blank control, and the disease index from the bud stage to the initial flower stage decreased by more than 30% compared with the blank control. The soil was treated with quick lime(1125-2250 kg/hm^2) before sowing, and the sesame seedlings were sprayed once for each time at a dosage of 3% Zhongshengmycin wetable power of 22.5 g.ai/hm^2 at the seedling stage and the initial flowering stage. The combined control effect on bacterial wilt were 73.46%-74.89%, which was significantly higher than the control effect of 3% Zhongshengmycinalone for 3 times(P<0.05). With the combination of 3% Zhongshengmycin spray and quicklime soil treatment, the yields of sesame increased 31.33%-32.49%, which was better than that of 3% Zhongshengmycinalone.