中美贸易冲突下的半导体创新政策工具选择

The choice of semiconductor innovation policy tools under sino US trade conflict

结合建国以来我国半导体政策发展历程,采用内容分析法对国家层面的138份半导体产业发展政策进行分析,发现:(1)建国以来半导体政策的纲领性文件和导向战略占据了一定的比例,在具体政策方面对促进半导体基础研究的科技政策和人才政策关注度不足。(2)政策变迁的过程中,逐步向供给面和环境面政策工具为主,需求面政策工具稳步增加的格局发展,政府越来越倾向于多种政策工具组合。(3)在三类政策工具的使用方面,政府日益重视环境面政策工具,供给面政策工具中信息服务方面做得不够,需求面政策工具使用频次相对较少。中美贸易冲突下的现实选择:一是形成从基础研究到产业化的全创新链政策工具体系;二是平衡和改进政策工具在半导体产业各环节的使用;三是优化政策工具结构。

Based on the development process of China’s semiconductor policy since the founding of the people’s Republic of China,a content analysis of 138 national-level semiconductor industry development policies was made,and the findings are as follows:(1)Programmatic documents and guiding strategies have accounted for a certain proportion.In terms of specific policy,attention hasn’t been paid to the science and technology policies and talent policies to promote semiconductor basic research.(2)In the process of policy change,the supply-side and environment-side policy tools have gradually become the main policy tools,while the demand-side policy tools have steadily increased.The government is increasingly inclined to combine multiple policy tools.(3)In terms of the use of the three types of policy tools,information service is not enough in the supply-side policy tools.The government attaches increasing importance to environmental policy tools,while the demand-side policy tools are used less frequently.The realistic choices under Sino-US trade conflict are:first,form a policy tool system of the whole innovation chain from basic research to industrialization;Second,the use of policy tools in the semiconductor industry should be balanced and improved;Third,the structure of policy tools should be advanced.