冰水槽内气泡辅助破冰系统的机理实验研究

Experimental study of the mechanism of an air bubbling system in a small ice water tank

为了揭示气泡辅助破冰机理,以极地破冰船气泡辅助破冰系统为研究对象,本文设计制作了船模及气泡辅助破冰系统模型并依托低温实验室进行一系列机理实验。通过机理实验探究加装气泡辅助破冰系统后冰层在船艏、船肩及舷侧的破坏模式,研究气泡辅助破冰系统与海冰相互作用机理。在此基础上对多种物理参数的影响进行分析。研究表明:气泡辅助破冰系统通过在冰层下形成气泡腔,破坏了水对于冰的弹性支撑;同时向上运动的气泡流将碎冰块吹离船体,形成船体与碎冰间的润滑层,从而分别降低了破冰船在冰区航行的破冰阻力和清冰阻力,达到了辅助破冰船航行的效果。

Taking the air bubbling system of polar icebreakers as the research object,we designed and manufactured the ship model and air bubbling system model and conducted a series of mechanism experiments in a cold room,aiming to reveal their working principles.Through a series of mechanism experiments,the failure modes of level ice around the bow,shoulder,and side shell of the icebreakers were explored,and the effects of the air bubbling system on the failure modes of ice were observed.Through a comparative analysis,the interaction mechanism between the air bubbling system and sea ice was investigated.Results show that the air bubbling system broke the water’s elastic support to ice by forming a bubble cavity under the ice layer,and simultaneously,the air bubble flow moving upwards blew the broken ice blocks away from the ship,forming a lubricating layer between the hull and broken ices,thereby reducing the resistances of icebreaking and ice-clearing and realizing the effect of assisting the icebreakers on navigation.