反卷积波束形成技术在水声阵列中的应用

Application of deconvolved beamforming technology in underwater acoustic array signal processing

反卷积波束形成技术是一种可以同时获得窄波束和低旁瓣效果的稳健高分辨波束形成方法,其在等间距声压线阵、矢量阵和圆阵中的应用效果已经得到验证,表现出了稳健的高分辨处理性能。为了将该技术更好地运用到水声阵处理中,本文对多种水下常用阵列形式的波束形成卷积模型进行了分析推导,将其按照卷积模型类型进行了分类综述,并将其划分为波束图(也可以被称作阵列的点扩散函数)移变阵列和波束图移不变阵列。总结了移不变和移变模型阵列的反卷积波束形成典型求解方法,并给出仿真结果。结果表明:圆阵、均匀声压线列阵、非均匀声压线列阵均是一维移不变阵列,平面阵是二维移不变阵列,矢量阵和共形阵是移变阵列。

Deconvolved conventional beamforming is a robust high-resolution beamforming method that can achieve narrow beam and low sidelobes.Its application effects in uniform sound pressure line,vector,and circular arrays have been effectively verified,showing a robust high-resolution processing performance.To apply this method to acoustic array signal processing,the beamforming convolution models of a variety of commonly used underwater acoustic arrays are analyzed and deduced.Depending on the convolution model type,the arrays are summarized and divided into two types:one is with a shift-invariant beam pattern(also known as the point spread function)and the other is with a shift-variant beam pattern.Then,the typical deconvolved beamforming solution for the shift-variant and shift-invariant model arrays is given.The simulation results show that the circular array,uniform sound pressure linear array,and non-uniform sound pressure linear array are all one-dimensional shift-invariant arrays;the planar array is a two-dimensional shift-invariant array;and the vector and conformal arrays are shift-variant arrays.