疫情下生命权保障的冲突及其解决路径

The Protection of the Right to Life during a Major Epidemic:Conflicts and Solutions

作为人权的生命权有积极的和消极的两重含义,疫情下的生命权保障主要涉及积极意义上的生命权。在重大疫情下,生命权的保障会面临与其他人权实现方式之间的冲突,与其他公共利益实现方式之间的冲突,以及在不同主体、不同阶段实现方式的冲突。解决这些冲突主要有三条路径:基于规则的路径可以提供各种权利和利益的优先排序,基于资源的路径可以为消解冲突提供所需的资源条件,基于机制的路径可以为顾全各种权利和利益保障提供整合方案。综合运用上述三种冲突解决路径,可以在重大疫情下实现生命权的更切实保障。

The right to life, as a fundamental human right, has both positive and negative meanings. The protection of the right to life during a major epidemic mainly involves the right to life in a positive sense. Throughout the course of a major epidemic, the protection of the right to life faces a series of conflicts, including those with the methods to guarantee other human rights, to achieve other public interests, and to guarantee the human rights by analyzing different subjects in different phases of the epidemic. There are three main ways to resolve these conflicts: the rule-based approach providing the prioritization of various rights and benefits;the resource-based approach providing the necessary resource conditions for resolving these conflicts;and the mechanism-based approach providing integrated solutions for the protection of various rights and interests. The comprehensive applications of the above three conflict resolution approaches can achieve a more practical guarantee of the right to life during a major epidemic.