外商直接投资与中国制造业产业升级

Foreign Direct Investment and Industrial Upgrading of China’s Manufacturers

实证研究表明,外商直接投资促进了制造业产业的结构优化,推动了中国制造业产业升级。从影响机制来看,产业升级源于城市内产业间以及产业进入退出的资源再配置效应,外资的进入使得城市内部把更多资源配置在技术水平更高的产业中;对微观企业层面的分析发现,外资通过影响企业的进入和退出,优化地区的资源配置、推动产业升级;异质性分析表明,与国有企业和内陆企业相比,非国有企业和沿海企业在产业升级中的表现更为突出。未来应继续坚持扩大开放和深化国内市场体制改革。

This study has empirically revealed that foreign direct investment(FDI) has promoted the optimization of industrial structures and the industrial upgrading of China’s manufacturers. From the impact mechanism perspective, the industrial upgrading stems from the effect of resource re-allocation among the urban industries and the re-allocation caused by their entry and exit to/from an urban area. The entry of foreign capital allows the allocation of more resources in the higher-tech industries. Further analysis of the micro-enterprise level has illustrated that FDI optimizes regional resource allocation and promotes industrial upgrading by influencing the entry and exit of enterprises. A heterogeneous analysis has displayed that the non-state-owned enterprises and the coastal enterprises performed more efficiently in industrial upgrading than those state-owned and inland enterprises. In the future, China should continue to maintain enhancements of the opening up policy and deepen the reform of the domestic market system.