社会性别平等的测量:国际指数与中国性别发展

Measurement of Gender Equality: The International Index and China’s Gender Development

性别平等指数应该能在普遍存在的性别差异中准确识别性别不平等,明确性别平等的发展方向、主要任务和关键领域的政策要求。但是,国际视域下衡量性别(不)平等的主要指数在概念框架、操作化与测量等方面都有所不同,并且存在学术争议。目前国际上流行的性别发展指数(GDI)、性别不平等指数(GII)、全球性别差距指数(GGGI)、社会制度和性别指数(SIGI)对中国性别平等状况的评价并不一致,有的指数明显低估了中国在健康、教育和经济等领域里性别平等所取得的进步。因此,在面对国际指数对中国性别平等状况评价时,需要正确认识这些指数对中国的适用性,判断是否存在偏误,以及产生偏误的原因,同时也需要建立符合中国国情和发展需要的性别平等指数。构建中国的性别平等指数应该注意与国际指数的对应性,遵循科学性和客观性、历史性和可比性、动态性和前瞻性的原则。

The gender equality index should accurately identify gender inequality in the prevailing gender differences, and clarify the development direction, main tasks and policy requirements of gender equality in key areas. Based on the comparative analysis of 15 important gender(in) equality indexes, this paper systematically presents a development track, basic logic and academic disputes concerning the conceptual framework, operationalization and measurement for gender equality from the international perspective, and discusses different evaluations, existing bias and reasons on China’s gender equality by the main international four indexes of GDI, GII, SIGI and GGGI. The conclusion displays that China has made obvious progress in health, education, economy and other fields, but gender discrimination in cultural norms and institutional arrangements requires more attention. To construct China’s gender equality index, our research should be attentive to the correspondence with the international index, and carried out scientifically, objectively, historically, comparably, dynamically and with foresight in principle.