现代女性的教育、职业机遇与“母职惩罚”——以陈衡哲、冰心为例

The Education, Career Opportunities and “Maternal Pressures” of Modern Females——Case Studies on Chen Hengzhe and Bing Xin

20世纪初,接受高等教育的女性享有更多的就业机会,但机会的获得与人际关系红利的相关度较大,与专业教育的相关度不高。即使获得了就业机会,女性一旦结婚生育,母职的密集劳动就会影响其职业发展,构成"母职惩罚"。本文以陈衡哲、冰心的留学与职业经验为例,分析了留学经历赋予她们话题性及参与公共话语的资源和能力,使得她们能够获得较好的职业发展机会;但由于受到家族女性长辈言传身教的影响,两位女作家在母亲身份与职业身份的选择中更倾向于前者,导致职业发展的困顿,同时也证明了社会性别观念对女性活动空间的训诫影响深远。

In the early 20th century, females with high education could enjoy more career opportunities, which were more related to personal relationships rather than that of professional education. However, even though females could obtain job opportunities, their intense work would influence their career development, which was related to"maternal pressure". This paper takes Chen Hengzhe’s and Bing Xin’s experiences of overseas studies and career development as case studies, analyzing their overseas experiences which contributed to the discussion about them and the resources and capabilities of their participation in public discourse, as well as their acquisition of good opportunities for career development. Nevertheless, influenced by the teaching and experiences of their female elders in their families, the two female writers preferred the identity of motherhood to that of professional writers. Such a situation led to their dilemma in career development and meanwhile illustrated the impact of social gender ideas on the scope of female activities.