哈萨克斯坦外来劳务移民及治理措施

Kazakhstan Labor Migrants and Governance Measures

劳动力不足,尤其是技术型劳动力缺乏,是制约哈萨克斯坦独立后社会经济发展的重要因素之一。为了摆脱这一困境,哈政府采取积极的劳务移民引入机制,一方面利用配额制吸引技术型外国劳动力,另一方面利用自发形成的以中亚国家公民为主的劳务移民。从现实情况看,这两部分劳动力为哈社会经济发展做出了积极贡献,但同时也存在非法劳务损害哈国家利益、劳务移民权益受侵害严重等现象。针对出现的问题,哈政府通过调整和完善法律法规,放宽劳务移民合法性限度,加大对非法移民组织的打击力度,加强与相关国家和国际组织合作等措施,有效减少了非法劳务移民数量,缓解了社会内外部压力。

Insufficient labor,especially the lack of technical labor,is one of the important factors restricting Kazakhstan social and economic development after its independence.In order to get rid of this dilemma,the Kazakh government actively adopts a labor migration introduction mechanism.On the one hand,it attracts skilled foreign labor by the quota system,and on the other hand,it takes advantage of spontaneously formed labor migration mainly composed of citizens from Central Asian countries.From a practical perspective,these two parts of labor forces have made positive contributions to Kazakhstan social and economic development.Nevertheless,there also exist problems such as illegal labor services damaging Kazakhstan national interests and seriously violated rights or interests of labor migrants.In response to these problems,the Kazakh government has taken such measures as adjusting and improving its laws and regulations,loosening up legal limits of labor migration,tightening the crackdown on illegal immigration organizations,and strengthening cooperation with relevant countries and international organizations in order to effectively reduce the number of illegal labor migrants,easing both internal and external pressures of the society.