区域电力相关碳排放核算框架的构建和应用

The framework of regional electricity-related carbon emissions accounting and its application

准确、全面地核算区域电力相关碳排放(后文简称电力碳排放)是指导减排的前提。然而,现有研究忽视了贸易对区域电力碳排放的影响,导致“碳排放泄露”等问题,严重影响了电力碳减排政策的公平性和有效性。鉴于此,本文综合运用IPCC清单编制法、网络法和多区域环境投入产出模型建立了涵盖生产侧、供给侧和消费侧的电力碳排放核算框架,并编制了2012年我国30个省区不同视角下的电力碳排放清单。结果表明:①地区在不同视角下的电力碳排放存在较大差异。以内蒙古为例,2012年其生产侧、供给侧、消费侧视角下电力碳排放分别为3.76亿t、2.39亿t和1.26亿t。②不同视角下各省电力碳排放的空间分布呈现不同的特征:火力发电比重高的北方省份(如内蒙古和山西)有较大的生产侧电力碳排放,制造业所占比重高的中部和东部省份(如河北和山东)有较大的供给侧电力碳排放,而经济发展水平高的东部沿海省份(如江苏和浙江)有较大的消费侧电力碳排放。③各省区之间存在大规模电力碳排放流动。2012年,我国通过输电网络和贸易网络发生的省际电力碳排放流动总量分别为4.60亿t和9.76亿t,分别占全国生产侧电力碳排放总量的13.1%和27.7%。通过输电网络和贸易网络的电力碳排放流动呈现出从中西部地区流向东部沿海地区的空间特征。本文建立的电力碳排放核算框架将生产侧、供给侧、消费侧视角有机地结合在一起,有利于增强对电力系统碳排放的认识,为合理划分区域间电力碳排放责任提供了基础。

An accurate and complete accounting for regional electricity-related carbon emissions provides essential information for carbon mitigation policy making.However,previous studies ignored the impact of trade on regional electricity-related carbon emissions,resulting in carbon emissions leakage and other problems,which seriously affected the fairness and effectiveness of electricity-related carbon emissions mitigation policies.By comprehensively using the IPCC inventory method,network approach and environmentally extended multi-regional input-output model,this study developed an electricity-related carbon emissions accounting framework covering production-based,supply-based and consumption-based emissions,and compiled an electricity-related carbon emission inventory for 30 provincial regions in China in 2012.The results showed that:①China’s provincial electricity-related carbon emissions under different perspectives varied greatly.Take Inner Mongolia as an example.Its production-based,supply-based and consumption-based electricity-related carbon emissions in 2012 were 376 million tons,239 million tons and 126 million tons respectively.②The spatial distribution of regional electricity-related carbon emissions under different perspectives showed diversified characteristics:the northern provincial regions with a high proportion of thermal power generation(such as Inner Mongolia and Shanxi)had relatively large production-based electricity-related carbon emissions,the central and eastern provinces with a high proportion of manufacturing(such as Hebei and Shandong)had relatively large supply-based electricity-related carbon emissions,while the eastern coastal provinces with high economic development(such as Jiangsu and Zhejiang)had relatively large consumption-based electricity-related carbon emissions.③There were large-scale electricity-related carbon emissions flows between China’s provincial regions.In 2012,electricity-related carbon emissions through power grids and regional trade accounted for 13.1%(460 million tons)and 27.7%(976 million tons)of the national production-based electricity-related carbon emissions respectively.The electricity-related carbon emissions generally flow from the central and western regions to the eastern coastal regions through power grids and regional trade.As this study constructed a comprehensive accounting framework by considering the production-based,supply-based and consumption-based emissions,it will not only help enhance the understanding of electricity-related carbon emissions,but also provide basis for reasonable distribution of electricity-related carbon emissions responsibility between China’s provinces.