甘薯/玉米不同间作方式对土壤养分、酶活性及作物产量的影响

Effects of Different Intercropping Methods of Sweet Potato/Corn on Soil Nutrients,Enzyme Activity and Crop Yield

为解决甘薯连作种植土壤肥力下降、产量降低等问题,以连作甘薯为对照,研究甘薯、玉米间作不同条带比对土壤养分、酶活性及作物产量的影响,明确甘薯、玉米间作适宜的条带比。结果表明,甘薯、玉米间作栽培较连作甘薯显著提高了土壤中的全氮、有机质含量,促进了作物对土壤养分的吸收;甘薯、玉米间作栽培较连作甘薯脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性显著提高,碱性磷酸酶活性显著下降,其中,间作4∶1条带比处理中的土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶活性较4∶2条带比处理分别提高2.46%、8.42%、13.43%;间作4∶1条带比栽培模式具有间作优势,4∶2条带比无间作优势,间作体系中甘薯的种间资源竞争力弱于玉米。相关分析表明,不同间作方式栽培时甘薯产量与土壤碱解氮、速效磷、全氮、全磷含量和磷酸酶活性呈正相关关系。表明甘薯/玉米种植4∶1条带比较为适宜。

To solve the problems of soil fertility and yield decreased,the continuous cropping sweet potato was used as control,the effects of different strip ratio of sweet potato/corn on soil nutrients,enzyme activity and crop yield were studied in this paper,to clear the planting strip ratio of sweet potato/corn.The results showed that compared with the sweet potato monoculture,sweet potato/corn cultivation significantly increased the content of total nitrogen and organic matter in soil,and promoted the absorption of soil nutrients by crops.The activity of urease and catalase in sweet potato/corn cultivation was significantly higher than the continuous cropping sweet potato,the alkaline phosphatase activity decreased significantly.The activity of urease,catalase and alkaline phosphatase in the intercropping of 4∶1 strip ratio increased 2.46%,8.42%and 13.43%than the intercropping of 4∶2 strip ratio,respectively.The intercropping of 4∶1 strip ratio had the advantage of intercropping,the intercropping of 4∶2 strip ratio hadn’t the advantage of intercropping,the interspecific resource competitiveness of the sweet potato was weaker than the corn in intercropping system.The correlation analysis result showed that there was a positive correlation between the yield of sweet potato and the contents of soil alkali hydrolyzed N,available P,total N,total P and the activity of soil phosphatase in different intercropping system.Therefore,the 4∶1 strip ratio of sweet potato/corn was suitable to plant.