山西省有机旱作农业发展及水肥高效利用技术研究

Study on Agricultural Development of Organic Dry Farming and Efficient Utilization of Water and Fertilizer in Shanxi Province

山西省地处黄土高原黄河流域,农业生产以雨养和旱作农业为主,发展省域有机旱作农业是当地农业可持续发展的重要方向。在分析梳理山西省有机旱作农业发展现状的基础上,针对省域内年降水量呈逐年下降趋势、集中降水时期与作物需水临界期重合较差、水土流失和风蚀严重等诸多制约因素,提出了适用于有机旱作模式的水肥高效利用措施:从作物生理节水、农业节水、工程节水、地膜覆盖节水等方面提高农田水分利用效率,加强雨水集蓄、耕作保墒、增施有机肥、调亏灌溉等措施的科学合理利用,协调农田可用水、土壤水肥保蓄和供应性能,以水促肥,以肥调水,充分发挥水肥协同效应和激励机制,全面促进粮食安全、农产品安全和农业可持续发展。

Shanxi province located in the Yellow River basin of the Loess Plateau,mainly agricultural production under the rain-fed and dryland agriculture condition,developing provincial organic dryland agriculture was an important direction for the sustainable development of local agriculture.Based on the analysis of current developmental situation of the organic dryland agriculture in Shanxi province,in view of the declining trend of annual precipitation,poorly consistency between the concentrated rainfall period and crop water requirement period,seriously soil erosion and wind erosion,and many other factors,the paper put forward a series measures of the water and fertilizer efficient utilization suitable for organic dry farming mode,including improving the water use efficiency of farmland from the aspects of crop physiological water saving,agricultural water saving,engineering water saving,plastic film mulching water saving,strengthening the scientific and rational utilization of rainwater collection and storage,tillage and soil moisture conservation,increase the application of organic fertilizer and regulating deficit irrigation,coordinating the farmland water use,soil water and fertilizer storage and supply performance,promoting fertilizer with water,transfering water with fertilizer,and giving full play to the synergistic effect and incentive mechanism of water and fertilizer,and comprehensively promoting food security,agricultural product security and sustainable agricultural development.