基于地形梯度的典型峰丛洼地区土地利用空间分布格局分析

Analysis of the Spatial Distribution Pattern of Land Use in Typical Peak-Cluster Depression Areas Based on Terrain Gradient

探讨峰丛洼地区土地利用在不同地形梯度上的空间分布,对峰丛洼地区进行土地管理及生态恢复等具有重要意义。以2018年Google earth高清影像(0.5 m分辨率)和30 m×30 m DEM数据为基础,运用地形位指数、地形分布指数、多样性指数及土地利用综合程度指数等方法,分析了贵州省典型峰丛洼地区土地利用在地形梯度上的空间分布格局。结果表明:(1)4个典型峰丛洼地区土地利用类型以旱地、有林地和灌木林地为主;土地利用类型在地形梯度上具有显著的层次特点:居民点、水田、水浇地、旱地及工矿用地在低地形梯度区域具有分布优势,有林地、灌木林地在中高地形梯度上具有优势。(2)随地形梯度增加,4个研究区多样性指数和土地利用程度综合指数整体均呈现降低的变化趋势,且在低地形位上,王家寨>后寨河>花江>茂兰,在中高地形位上,王家寨>花江>后寨河>茂兰。由于峰丛洼地区自然环境的不同及社会经济发展和政策的影响,决定了4个研究区土地利用类型空间分布格局的差异性。研究结果可为典型峰丛洼地区进行土地利用规划和土地资源配置提供参考。

It is of great significance to explore the spatial distribution of land use on different terrain gradients in peak-cluster depression area,which can help regional the land management and ecological restoration. Based on the 2018 Google Earth high-resolution image(0.5 m resolution) and 30 × 30 m DEM data, we calculated the topographic index, topographic distribution index, diversity index, and land utilization comprehensive index to analyze spatial distribution pattern of regional land use on terrain gradient of the typical peak-cluster depression in Guizhou. The conclusion shows that:(1) The four typical land use types in peak-cluster depression area are mainly dry land, woodland and shrubland;land use types have significant hierarchical characteristics on terrain gradients: residential areas, paddy fields, irrigated land, dry land, and industrial and mining landhave distribution advantages in low terrain gradient areas, and woodland and shrubland have advantages in medium and high terrain gradients.(2) With the increase of terrain gradient, the diversity index and land utilization comprehensive index of land use degree of the four study areas all showed a decreasing trend, and in the low terrain position, Wangjiazhai> Houzhaihe> Huajiang> Maolan, on the mid-high terrain, Wangjiazhai> Huajiang> Houzhaihe> Maolan.Due to the different natural environment of peak-cluster depression and the influence of socio-economic development and policies, the differences in the spatial distribution patterns of land use types in the four study areas.The research results can provide reference for land use planning and land resource allocation in typical peak-cluster depression area.