鲁西南平原区大气干湿沉降元素输入通量及来源浅析:以巨野县为例

An analysis of the input flux and source of elements in dry and wet atmospheric deposition of southwest plain of Shandong:A case study of Juye County

大气干湿沉降是农耕区表层土壤中某些元素的主要输入途径,其沉降物质中的重金属等元素对土壤环境质量有着很大的影响。对山东省巨野县大气干湿沉降的调查研究发现,随着近年来区内煤炭开采和化工工业的快速发展,区内大气干湿沉降物质总量有明显升高,显著高于我国其他一些地区。同时,区内重金属元素沉降通量也较高,其中Pb、Cr、Cu、Ni可达我国其他地区的2~3倍。大气沉降物质中Cd、Pb、Hg等的富集程度较高,其富集因子(EF)的高值区与煤炭开采和煤炭化工排放源分布吻合,说明工业区大气干湿沉降是Cd、Pb、Hg等重金属污染元素进入土壤环境的重要途径,工矿业活动对区内大气干湿沉降的增加有重要影响。此外,富集因子显示燃煤尘是大气沉降物及当地土壤S、Se的主要来源,而大气沉降物中Ni、Cr、As主要源自土壤扬尘,Ca和Mg与区内石材开采或水泥制造密切相关。

Dry and wet atmospheric deposition is a main input pathway of some elements in the surface soil of agricultural areas,and its heavy metalelementcomponents mayhave a great influence on the environmental qualityof soil.Research on the dry and wet atmosphericdeposition of Juye County in Shandong Province shows that,with the rapid development of coal mining and chemical industry in recent years,total amount of dry and wet atmospheric deposition has been significantly increased in this area,and is also significantly higher than that of several other regions of China.The deposition flux of heavy metal elements in this region is also higher,the deposition fluxes of Pb,Cr,Cu,Ni can be 2~3 times those of other regions inChina.The enrichment degree of Cd,Pb,Hg and other elements in atmospheric deposition is higher,and the high value area of the enrichment factor(EF)coincides with the position of the emission source of coal mining and coal chemical industry,which indicates that the dry and wet atmospheric deposition in the industrial area is an important way for heavy metal elements like Cd,Pb,Hg to enter the soil.Industrial activities have an important influence on the increase of dry and wet atmospheric deposition in thisarea.In addition,the enrichment factor shows thatcoal burning dusts should be the main source of S and Se in atmospheric deposition and soil.Ni,Cr,As in atmospheric deposition should mainly originate from soil dusts,and thesources of Ca and Mg are closely related to the stone mining and cement manufacturing industry.