111份藜麦种质资源农艺性状分析

The Analysis of the Main Agronomic Traits of 111 Quinoa Germplasm Resources

【目的】为有效利用藜麦种质资源,筛选适合云南东川地区种植的优良藜麦新品种以推动云南藜麦种植产业的发展。【方法】以111份藜麦种质资源为供试材料,利用变异分析、相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析的方法对10个农艺性状进行比较分析和综合评价。【结果】111份藜麦的主要农艺性状的变异系数在7.09%~86.75%之间,变异系数最大的是主枝穗长,最小的是产量,平均变异系数为27.13%,体现了丰富的遗传多样性;相关性分析表明:产量与单株粒质量呈极显著正相关(r=0.823,P<0.01),产量与千粒质量呈极显著正相关(r=0.423,P<0.01);通过主成分分析,将10个农艺性状综合为5个主成分因子,累计贡献率为88.20%,并逐一分析了每个主成分与农艺性状之间的关系;通过聚类分析,在D^2=2.38时将供试材料聚为8个类群,综合分析了不同类群农艺性状的特性,为后期藜麦特异品种筛选和配置杂交组合提供理论依据。【结论】本研究的111份藜麦种质资源具有丰富遗传多样性,共筛选出22份高秆、矮秆、粗茎、多穗、大籽粒和高产等特性的特异种质,为今后云南东川及周边地区种植推广及育种提供藜麦种质资源。

[Purpose]To effectively utilize quinoa germplasm resources, we screened new quinoa varieties suitable for planting in Yunnan Dongchuan to promote the quinoa planting industry in Yunnan Province.[Method]The experimental materials were 111 quinoa germplasm resources. In this study, abundance analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to compare and evaluate the agronomic characters of the 10 agronomic traits.[ Result]The observed coefficient of variation of the main agronomic traits of 111 quinoa resources was between 7.09% and 86.75%. The highest coefficient of variation was found in racemes length of branches, the smallest was the yield, and the average coefficient of variation was 27.13%abundant genetic diversity. There was correlation analysis showed that yield was significantly positively correlated with grain weight per plant(r=0.823, P<0.01), and yield was significantly positively correlated with 1 000-grain weight(r=0.423, P<0.01). Through principal component analysis, 10 agronomic traits were integrated into five principal component factors. The cumulative contribution was 88.20%, and the agronomic traits affecting each principal component was analyzed. Through cluster analysis, the test materials were divided into 8 groups at D^2=2.38. The characteristics of agronomic traits of different groups were analyzed comprehensively, which provided a theoretical basis for the screening and configuration of hybrid combinations of late quinoa specific varieties.[Conclusion]There is rich genetic diversity in 111 quinoa of germplasm resources, 22 germplasm accessions with elite traits(e.g. high stalk, short stalk, coarse stem, more spikelets, big grain good seed setting rate and high yield) were found being useful for future breeding and planting promotion in Dongchuan and surrounding areas of Yunnan Province.