黄欧系玉米育种应用探索与分析

Exploration and Analysis on the Test Crosses Performances of Huanglv-European Lines in Maize Breeding

优良种质资源的创制是优良品种选育的重要基础,目前我国宜机械化粒收的玉米育种材料较为缺乏,将国外优良早熟种质导入中国骨干种质有助于创制宜机械化粒收新种质。本研究以欧洲早熟种质与中国黄旅种质杂交后代选育的258份黄欧系与测验种京MC01和郑58组配的测交组合为材料,在春夏播玉米鉴定试验中,通过对测交组合产量和收获时籽粒含水量表现分析,探讨遗传改良效果。结果表明:(1)黄欧系与京MC01测交组合在收获时籽粒含水量和产量方面表现优于郑58;(2)不同遗传背景黄欧系与京MC01的测交组合表现差异较大:在春播和夏播玉米区,黄早四和京2416类黄欧系收获时籽粒含水量较低,产量较高,昌7-2类黄欧系籽粒含水量较高,但产量突出;(3)导入不同比例欧洲早熟种质黄欧系的测配效果存在明显差异,导入25%比例的黄欧系目标性状表现较好,测交组合在保持较高产量水平情况下,呈现出早熟、籽粒脱水速度快等宜机械化粒收性状。研究结果将为玉米主产区特别是夏播区新型宜机械化粒收育种材料的创制及应用提供可鉴思路及实践路径。

Elite germplasm resources is the important foundation for the breeding of maize elite hybrid,and germplasm suitable for mechanical grain-harvesting is an urgent need in China.It is an important way to solve the problem by introducing European early maturity germplasm in domestic germplsm to develop Huanglv-European(HE)lines.In this study,the 258 HE lines were crossed with the tester lines Jing MC01 and Zheng 58 to evaluate the yield and grain moisture performances of the hybrids.The results indicated that:(1)the hybrids of Jing MC01 had lower grain moisture and higher grain yield as compared with the tester Zheng 58;(2)the HuanglvEuropean lines with different domestic background had much different performances in test crosses,Huangzaosi and Jing2416 derived lines had lower grain moisture and higher yield in both spring and summer maize,while the lines from Chang7-2 showed higher moisture and yield;(3)The hybrid from the HE lines with the percentage of 25%early maturity donors performed better in the target traits.Thus,the conclusion is that it would be an effective way to develop elite HE lines by backcrossing once with the domestic lines in practical breeding.