外来入侵植物豚草在吉林市路边生境下繁殖特性调查

Investigation on reproduction characteristics of alien invasive plant Ambrosia artemisiifolia in roadside habitat of Jilin City

外来入侵植物豚草以种子进行繁殖,开展豚草结籽数量及果实特征的研究对于豚草的结实量估算及制定外来入侵植物的综合防治策略具有重要意义。以吉林市龙潭山森林公园火车道旁的豚草为研究对象,对豚草植株的大小与雄头状花序数、结实量、总状花序数和分枝数的关系及果实、种子性状进行研究。结果表明:豚草单株间雄头状花序数、结实量、总状花序数和分枝数差异巨大,变异系数分别为172.00%、227.55%、173.93%和174.76%。豚草雄头状花序数、结实量、总状花序数和分枝数与株高、地径呈极显著正相关关系。豚草结实量与分枝数呈极显著正相关关系;总状花序数与分枝数呈极显著正相关关系。瘦果平均横径、纵径分别为1.944 mm、3.735 mm,变异系数分别为9.67%、14.92%;平均百果重0.366 9 g,变异系数6.83%;果实大小比重量差异更明显,果实形态差异较小。种子平均长、宽分别为2.937 mm和1.896 mm,变异系数分别为11.77%和10.37%;种子千粒重3.364 g,变异系数2.81%。该研究结果可为豚草的进一步研究和综合防治提供依据。

Ambrosia artemisiifolia is a kind of invasive plant which reproduces by seeds. Therefore,it is crucial to study the seed number and fruit characteristics of A. artemisiifolia to estimate its yield and develop a comprehensive invasive plant management strategy. This study focused on the correlation between the plant size and the number of male capitulum,fruit yield,number of total racemosa,branching number,as well as the characteristics of fruit and seed of A. artemisiifolia growing on the side of railroad Longtan Mountain Forest Park,Jilin City. The results were as follows:there were significant differences in the number of male capitulum,fruit yield,number of total racemosa and branching number among A.artemisiifolia plants. The variation coefficients of male capitulum,fruit yield,number of total racemosa and branching number were 172.00%,227.55%,173.93% and 174.76% respectively. It was also found that the number of male capitulum,fruit yield,number of total racemosa and branching number were strongly positively correlat ed with the plant height and ground diameter. The relationship between seed yield and branching number had a very strong positive correlation. The relationship between the number of total racemosa and the branching number also had a strong positive correlation. The average transverse diameter,longitudinal diameter of achene was 1.944 mm and 3.735 mm. The variation coefficients of them were 9.67% and 14.92% respectively. The average weight of 100-fruit was 0.366 9 g,and the variation coefficient was 6.83%. The difference in fruit size was more obvious than weight,and the difference in fruit shape was subtle. The average length of seeds was 2.937 mm,and the variation coefficient was 11.77%.The average width of seeds was 1.896 mm,and the variation coefficient was 10.37%. The 1000-seed weight was 3.364 g,and the variation coefficient was 2.81%. The results provide a theory on which further research and comprehensive control of A. artemisiifolia can be based.