从词汇比较看明清以来黔北方言的变迁

The Changes of Northern Guizhou(贵州) Dialects Since Ming(明) and Qing(清) Dynasties from the Perspective of Vocabulary Comparison

从明末《蜀语》到晚清《俗语》,川黔方言一脉相承,是黔北方言的古代层次。《蜀语》之后,湖广移民将湖广话带到川渝地区,进而延伸至相邻的黔北,形成新的川黔话,是黔北方言的后起层次。明清以来,与川渝受移民影响形成新方言不同,黔北既保留较多古川黔方言词汇,又出现大量新的川黔话词汇,经历的是"优势方言"起主导作用的变迁,而非"移民方言"。

The Guizhou(贵州)dialects were directed successors of Sichuan(四川)dialects from late Ming(明)dynasty to late Qing(清)dynasty,which was the ancient level of northern Guizhou(贵州)dialects.After Shuyu(蜀语),the Huguang(湖广)-dialects were taken to Sichuan(四川)and Chongqing(重庆)by Huguang(湖广)-immigrants,which made new Chuanqian(川黔)-dialects and become the new level of northern Guizhou(贵州)dialects.Since Ming(明)and Qing(清)dynasties,northern Guizhou(贵州)was not influenced by immigrants to form new dialects like Sichuan(四川)and Chongqing(重庆),but keeping more ancient dialects and appearing a large number of Chuanqian(川黔)-dialects vocabularies.The Changes of Northern Guizhou(贵州)dialects were dominated by the dominant dialects,not the immigrant dialects.