积雪草的性状和显微鉴别研究

Study on the Macroscopic and Microscopic Characteristics of Centellae Herba

目的:为积雪草提供科学准确的性状和显微鉴别特征。方法:采用性状及显微鉴别方法对其茎、叶、叶柄、根进行性状研究和组织构造、粉末特征研究。结果:茎细长弯曲,黄棕色,有细纵皱纹,叶片膜质至草质,叶片多皱缩、破碎,根圆柱形,叶柄类椭圆形,上方具U形缺口,气微,味淡。茎、叶、根、叶柄的横切片和粉末显微特征显示:茎表皮细胞类圆形或近方形,韧皮部外侧为微木化的纤维群,髓部由较大的类圆形薄壁细胞组成;叶上下表皮细胞均呈多边形,但下表皮细胞排列略不规则,分布较多的气孔。气孔大多呈不定式;粉末淡黄绿色,可见梯纹导管,螺纹导管多见。有时可见油室碎片、非腺毛和少量石细胞。常见方晶和簇晶;纤维长梭形,孔勾隐约可见。结论:该研究明确了积雪草药材的显微特征,所建立的鉴别方法操作简单,准确可靠。

Objective:To provide scientific and accurate macroscopic and microscopic characteristics to Centellae Herba.Methods:Using the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics methods to study its characteristics of stem,leaf,root and petiole,and studying tissue structure and powder characteristics of herb.Results:The stem of Centellae Herba is long and slender,it is yellow-brown and it has slender and lengthways wrinkles.The leaf is between membranous and herbaceous.Most leaves are wizened and fragmentized.The root is cylindrical.The petiole is like oval.There is a notch on the petiole.The Centellae Herba has light odor.It also tastes light.Horizontal slices and powder microscopic characteristics of its herb:The epidermic cells of stems are nearly-circular or class square.The Lateral phloem has micro lignify fiber groups.The medulla is made up by biggish nearly-circular parenchyma cells.Upper and lower epidermal cells of leaf are polygon in general,but the lower epidermal cells place irregularly.There are a lot of stomas,and most of them are infinitive.The powder of herb is pistachio.It consists of ladder vessels,spiral vessels.Sometimes it has oil chamber debris,trichome,and a small quantity of sclereids.Square and cluster crystals.The fibre is ong spindle shaped.The recessions of fibre sometimes can be seen.Conclusion:This study identifies microscopic characteristics of Centellae Herba.The identification method is simple,accurate and reliable.