流体力学概念性理解缺失的启示

INSPIRATION FROM THE UNDERGRADUATE'S LACK OF CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING OF FLUID MECHANICS

为了摸清学生在理解、应用流体力学概念时的困难,探究如何解决该困境,我们借鉴了A.Suarez等人在乌拉圭共和国大学对一年级理工科学生的研究,他们从物理教育研究的视角,通过客观题、主观题、学生访谈等多种形式,系统地整理了学生在学习流体力学部分的困难,并指出导致这些学习困难的原因。参照A.Suarez等人的实验,我们对中国农业大学的大一理工科学生进行了测试,比较了独立教学情况下的结果,发现双方学生对伯努利方程的使用均有不同程度的滥用,中方学生对流体静力学与动力学的混淆情况更严重。相应地,为改进教学效果,可适当地提高授课学时、改进授课方法、设计有针对性的教学材料等。

In order to know freshmen's difficulties in understanding and applying the concept of hydrodynamics,we draw on the education research of A.Suarez on the freshmen majoring in science and engineering at the University of the Republic of Uruguay.From the perspective of physical education research,they systematically sorted out the students'difficulties in learning fluid mechanics through objective questions,subjective questions,student interviews and other forms,and pointed out the causes of these difficulties.Referring to the experiment of A.Suarez,we tested the freshmen majoring in science and engineering in China Agricultural University,and compared the results of independent teaching.It was found that both students abused Bernoulli equation in varying degrees,and Chinese students confused hydrostatics and dynamics more seriously.Accordingly,in order to achieve a good teaching effect,we should properly increase the lecture hours,improve the teaching methods,and design targeted materials.