杨氏弹性模量测量实验综述

REVIEW OF THE EXPERIMENTS OF YOUNG'S MODULUS MEASUREMENT

杨氏弹性模量(简称杨氏模量)是固体材料的固有属性之一,也是工程技术设计领域常用的参数之一。从实验教学角度而言,杨氏模量测量实验是国内大多数高校大学物理实验课程所开设的必选实验之一,也是全国高等学校物理基础课程青年教师讲课比赛实验题目规范表中的题目之一。本文系统地综述了目前关于杨氏模量测量实验的4大类测量原理,包括静态拉伸法、动态共振法、梁弯曲法,以及超声波测量法等。进一步针对每一大类测量原理,本文还对已报道的各种实验测量方法及其测量精度进行了总结,同时评论了各种方法的优缺点。希望本文的综述结果能对我国高校开展杨氏模量测量实验的教学工作提供参考,同时也为计划参加讲课培训展示的青年教师提供借鉴作用。

Young's modulus of elasticity(Young's modulus)is one of the inherent properties of solid materials,and is also one of commonly used parameters in the field of engineering design.From the point of view of experimental teaching,the experiment of Young's modulus measurement is one of the compulsory experiments in physics laboratory provided by most of the universities in China,and is also one of the topics listed in the national foundation courses teaching competition for young teachers.This paper systematically summarized four kinds of experimental principles of Young's modulus measurement,including static tensile method,dynamic resonance method,beam deflection method and ultrasonic method.Furthermore,according to the principles of each kind of measurement,this paper also summarized various reported measurement methods,accuracy,advantages and disadvantages of each method.It is hoped that the results of this review can provide reference for the teaching of Young's modulus measurement experiment in universities,as well as for the young teachers who plan to participate in the lecture competition.