业余马拉松跑者跑步损伤调查及影响因素分析

Incidence and risk factors of running-related injuries among amateur marathon runners

目的:描述我国业余马拉松跑者人群特点、跑步习惯和近一年内骨骼肌肉相关跑步损伤情况,探讨造成跑步损伤可能的影响因素。方法:采用电子问卷采集到1316份有效数据进行描述性分析,采用单因素卡方分析以及向后逐步法多元回归(Logistics)分析进行处理。结果:近一年内受伤1018人(77.36%),膝部损伤高发(55.01%)。跑步目的为“减肥塑身”和“减压放松”两个指标与跑步损伤相关,且“减肥塑身”(OR=1.64,95%CI:1.15~2.34,P<0.01)为危险因素。月收入、既往损伤史、跑步目的、规律跑步习惯、周跑量与跑步膝伤相关,其中既往损伤史(OR=1.55,95%CI:1.31~1.84,P<0.01)、周跑量不足30公里(OR=1.62,95%CI:1.04~2.52,P<0.05)和周跑量大于等于60公里(OR=10.11,95%CI:6.44~15.87,P<0.01)为危险因素,规律跑步(OR=0.55,95%CI:0.36~0.84,P<0.01)和参加跑团(OR=0.52,95%CI:0.41~0.67,P<0.01)为保护因素。结论业余马拉松跑者跑步损伤率高,膝部为高发部位,既往损伤史、以减肥为目的跑步会增加损伤风险,跑步训练计划科学合理可以降低风险。

Objectives:To describe the characteristics,running behaviors,and the history of musculoskeletal running-related injuries during the last 12 months in amateur marathon runners in China and identify the risk factors for the injuries.Methods:The online-questionnaire was self-reported and finally available answers were 1316.Data was analyzed descriptively as well as by using one-way chi-square analysis and backward step by logistic regression analysis.Results:1018 runners(77.36%)reported having previous musculoskeletal running-related injuries in the last 1 year.Knee joint injury was the most common problem which reported 560(55.01%).The running purpose of"losing weight and keeping in shape"and"relaxing pressure"was related to running injuries.Besides"losing weight and keeping in shape"(OR=1.64,95%CI:1.15~2.34,P<0.01)was associated with running-related injuries.Monthly income,history of lowers extremely injuries,running purpose,regular running habits and weekly running volume was related to knee joint injuries.History of lowers extremely injuries(OR=1.55,95%CI:1.31~1.84,P<0.01),weekly running volume below 30 km(OR=1.62,95%CI:1.04~2.52,P<0.05),weekly running volume above 60 km(OR=10.11,95%CI:6.44~15.87,P<0.01)was related to a higher rate of knee injuries.Regular running habits(OR=0.55,95%CI:0.36~0.84,P<0.01)and participating in running teams(OR=0.52,95%CI:0.41~0.67,P<0.01)was strong protective factors.Conclusions:The prevalence of musculoskeletal running-related injuries in recreational marathon runners in China was high.The most reported site of injury was the knee joint.History of lowers extremely injuries,the losing-weight purpose was associated with running-related injuries.Scientific running plans can reduce risk.