“最后的人”:“承认”的实现与民主的未来

“Last Man”:The Realization of “Recognition” and the Future of Democracy

人性是福山思考“历史的终结”的基础。福山视“承认”为人性中最重要的组成部分,“承认”包括“平等的承认”和“优越的承认”。福山基于“承认”对“历史终结”后的人的分析包括两个方面:“平等的承认”是自由民主制形成的基础,但平等的普遍化导致承认的平庸化和相对主义;“优越的承认”是自由社会进步的动力,但优越意识缺乏有效发疏渠道可能导致历史重启。这一思想深刻揭示了人性对自由民主制和历史的内在影响。

Humanity is the basis of Fukuyama’s thinking about“the end of history”.Fukuyama regards“recognition”as the most important part of human nature,“recognition”includes“equal recognition”and“superior recognition”.Fukuyama’s analysis of people after“the end of history”based on“recognition”includes two aspects.“Equal recognition”is the basis for the formation of free democracy,but the universalization of equality leads to the mediocrity and relativism of recognition;“superior recognition”is the motive force for the progress of free society,but the lack of effective channels for eliminating superior consciousness may lead to the restart of history.Fukuyama’s thought profoundly reveals the inherent influence of human nature on liberal democracy and history.