向右上方倾斜的劳动供给曲线:来自微观数据的实证研究

The Labor Supply Curve Sloping to the Upper Right: an Empirical Study from Micro Data

基于中国综合社会调查数据,利用两阶段最小二乘法克服工资变量的内生性问题,实证研究了工资对工作时间的影响。研究发现个人全年职业工资对周工作时间有正向影响,该结果支持向右上方倾斜的劳动供给曲线。具体而言个人全年职业工资每增加1%,周工作时间增加4.169%。按照调查对象所处地区把样本分为城镇和农村样本后研究结果依然支持向右上方倾斜的劳动供给曲线,不过农村劳动者对工资上涨更加敏感:个人全年职业工资增加1%,来自农村劳动者的周工作时间增加5.968%,城镇劳动者的周工作时间增加2.040%。再按照劳动者的性别、年龄、所处地区和职业性质对不同群体的劳动供给行为进行分析,研究结果依然稳健。不同特征的群体对工资上涨的敏感程度不一样:来自农村的劳动者、男性、老年人群体、中西部地区的劳动者对工资的上涨更加敏感一些。本文的研究对不同特征的群体实施不同的就业政策和福利保障政策具有启发意义。

Based on the Chinese General Social Survey,this paper uses two-stage least squares method to overcome the endogenous problem of wage variables,and empirically studies the impact of wages on working hours.The study found that a person’s full-year occupational wage has a positive effect on weekly working hours.This result supports the labor supply curve that slopes upward to the right.Specifically,for every 1%increase in the individual’s annual professional salary,the weekly working hours increase by 4.169%.After dividing the sample into urban and rural samples according to the area where the respondents are located,the research results still support the labor supply curve that slopes to the upper right,but rural workers are more sensitive to wage increases:the indi⁃vidual’s annual professional wage increases by 1%from rural labor,the weekly working hours of workers in⁃creased by 5.968%,and the weekly working hours of urban workers increased by 2.040%.According to the analysis of labor supply behavior of different groups according to the sex,age,location,and occupational nature of the work⁃ers,the research results are still stable.Groups with different characteristics have different degrees of sensitivity to wage increases:workers from rural areas,men,the elderly,and workers in the Midwest are more sensitive to wage in⁃creases.The research in this paper is of enlightening significance to implement different employment policies and welfare guarantee policies for groups with different characteristics.