香山帮的变迁及其营造技艺特征

Changes in Xiangshanbang Traditional Building Crafts and Its Characteristics

香山帮传统建筑营造技艺是江南地区最重要的营造传统,已被列入中国第一批国家级非物质文化遗产。这一发源于苏州、影响遍及太湖流域的营造技艺随着该地区的历史起伏而发展演变,至今薪火尚存。文章梳理了近年来香山帮研究的进展并对香山帮的起源、历史变迁进行回溯;文章重点从建筑格局、量度体系、构架贴式、榫卯特征、装饰艺术等方面分析了香山帮传统建筑营造技艺的特征,尤其是香山帮建筑中抬梁技术和穿斗技术的高度混合;继而讨论了香山帮营造技艺在江南地区的影响,以及香山帮的变迁与江南地区社会、经济、文化发展之间的相互关系。

Xiangshanbang traditional building crafts are the most important construction tradition in the Jiangnan region and were included in the first batch of traditional Chinese heritage to be considered as National Intangible Cultural Heritage in China.This building tradition originated in Suzhou and influenced the Taihu Lake Basin.The building crafts have developed and evolved alongside the history of this area and survive to the present day.The recent developments in Xiangshanbang studies are outlined by reviewing its origin and history,and analysing the characteristics of its traditional building crafts using layouts,measurement system,structural types,features of mortise and tenon joints,and decorative art,especially the highly mixed technologies of post-and-beam and column-and-tie frames.The influences of Xiangshanbang building crafts in the Jiangnan region are discussed further in considering the relationship between the evolution of Xiangshanbang and the development of society,economy and culture in the Jiangnan region.