冈身、水系与上海乡土民居

Gangshen,River System and the Vernacular Houses in Shanghai

乡土民居的空间形制及发展变迁与所在地的自然地理条件、经济生产方式等因素密切相关。文章对上海乡土民居进行片区细分并开展研究,首先根据冈身、水系的影响,分析了不同乡土片区聚落肌理的特征,将其大致划分为湖荡水乡片、淞北平江片、滨海盐田片、崇明沙岛片、浦南低地片;进而通过平面布局、结构形式、立面及装饰等方面的分析,指出上海乡土民居建筑空间、形态及建造方式呈现出江南水乡地域环境的差异性、多元性,尤以淞北平江片为例进行了延伸阐释。文章将建筑作为乡土叙事的场景,与高乡棉纺手工业的地方历史研究相联系进行考察,为理解上海的江南文化基因提供了一定的历史参照。

The architectural form and development of vernacular houses are closely related to factors such as geographical conditions and economic production modes.This article begins with a study on the subareas of Shanghai vernacular houses.Based on the infiuence of the ancient Gangshen(sand dams on the south bank of the Yangtze River estuary)and the river system,the article analyses the characteristics of settlement textures in different rural subareas,including the lake-water area,the north Wusong area,the coastal salt field area,Chongming sand island area and the lowland area south of the Huangpu River.Taking the north Wusong area as an example,the article further studies the plan layouts,building structures,details and decorations of the houses in the different subareas.It reveals that the architectural space,form and construction methods of vernacular houses in Shanghai present the infiuences of Jiangnan culture on the one hand and the diversity of the regional environments on the other.