含多官能团Gemini表面活性剂的合成及性能

Synthesis and properties of Gemini surfactant containing polyfunctional groups

以氯乙酰氯、间苯二甲酰氯、长链伯胺(碳链长度为8、12、14和16)和N,N-二甲基乙醇胺为原料合成了一系列含多官能团Gemini阳离子表面活性剂目标产物(I8、I12、I14和I16)。采用红外光谱和核磁氢谱对产物进行了结构表征。通过电导率法测量目标产物在不同温度下的临界胶束浓度(CMC),并计算出胶束的热力学参数(ΔGm^0、ΔHm^0、ΔSm^0);在298.15K条件下,通过表面张力法测定目标产物的表面张力(γCMC),并探讨了目标产物的泡沫性能和乳化性能。结果表明:目标产物有较低的临界胶束浓度值(CMC),在298.15K条件下,最低CMC达到0.05mmol/L;I16的γCMC最低为36.14mN/m;泡沫性和乳化性测试结果表明,在298.15K条件下,I8的起泡能力最好,I12和I14的稳泡性最好,均达到100%;目标产物对苯和二甲苯具有很好的乳化性能,其中I12对二甲苯的乳化性能最好,乳化时间为900s,I16对苯的乳化性能最好,乳化时间为629s。

A series of Gemini surfactant(I8,I12,I14,I16) containing polyfunctional group were synthesized by using chloroacetyl chloride,isophthaloyl chloride,long alkyl chain primary amine(carbon chain length was 8,12,14,16),and N,N-dimethylethanolamine as main raw materials.The structures of product were characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR.The critical micelle concentrations(CMC) and the relevant thermodynamic parameters(ΔGm^0,ΔHm^0,ΔSm^0) were determined at different temperatures by electrical conductivity measurements.The surface tensions(γCMC) were determined by surface tension method at 298.15 K.The foaming properties and emulsifying properties were investigated.The results show that target products have lower CMC values,and the lowest CMC value reaches 0.05 mmol/L at 298.15 K.The minimum value of γCMCfor I16 is 36.14 mN/m.Foam properties and emulsification test results show that I8 exhibits the best foaming ability;I12 and I14 exhibit the best foam stability(100%) at 298.15 K.As emulsifying agent for benzene and xylene the target products have good emulsifying properties.Among these products,I12 has the best emulsifying properties for xylene,and the emulsification time is 900 s;I16 has the best emulsifying properties for benzene,and the emulsification time is 629 s.