近60年来福建省降雨时空分布特征

Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Rainfall in Fujian Province in Recent 60 Years

近年来,全球气候变化使各种极端降雨事件显著增加,导致洪涝灾害频发。鉴于福建省是受洪涝、风暴潮和次生灾害影响频繁的省份之一,基于近60年来福建省18个站点的气象观测数据,运用Mann-Kendall趋势分析、Morlet小波分析等方法分析了福建省降雨时空变化特征。结果表明,福建省年降雨量总体呈不显著增加趋势,增幅达8.11mm/10a,然而暴雨雨量增幅达13.56mm/10a;雨日呈逐渐减少趋势,降雨强度却不断增大,尤其是夏季降雨强度增幅最为明显;沿海的厦门、平潭地区夏季降雨呈显著增多趋势(p<0.05),降雨由东南沿海向西北山区逐渐递增;暴雨和其他等级雨量的空间分布存在较大差异,多发生在西南和东北地区山脉东部的迎风坡。建议福建省应加强极端降水事件增多导致的洪涝灾害及其次生灾害的防范力度。

In recent years,global climate change has caused a significant increasing in extreme rainfall events,leading to frequent and alternative occurrence of floods.Fujian Province is one of the provinces severely affected by floods,storm surges and secondary disasters.Based on the meteorological observation data of 18 stations in Fujian Province during the past 60 years,Mann-Kendall trend analysis and Morlet wavelet analysis methods are used to analyze the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of rainfall in Fujian Province.The results show that the annual rainfall in Fujian Province increased insignificantly,with an increasing rate of 8.11 mm/10 a.However,the intense rainfall increasing rate reached13.56 mm/10 a.Rainy days declined gradually,while rainfall intensity enhanced,especially in summer.The summer rainfall along the coast areas,such as Xiamen and Pingtan,showed a significant increasing trend(p<0.05).Rainfall increased gradually from the southeastern coast to the northwestern mountainous area.The spatial distribution of heavy rain and other grades of rainfall varied greatly and always occurred in the southwest and northeast of the eastern mountains windward.Therefore,Fujian Province should strengthen the prevention of floods disaster and the secondary disasters,caused by the increasing of the extreme precipitation events.