清初“辟王尊朱”经学思潮的形成及其对科举考试的影响

The Formation of the Confucian Classics Thought of“Rejecting Wang and Revering Zhu”in the Early Qing Dynasty and Its Influence on the Imperial Examination

经学流派繁衍迭变,此消彼长。明清鼎革,“辟王尊朱”经学思潮形成,程朱理学重获意识形态正统地位,而阳明心学则被指为“叛经乱道”的罪魁祸首。此经学思潮不仅推动了清廷“崇儒重道”文教政策施行,加强了对士习文风的整顿,而且对作为“抡才大典”的科举考试影响深刻,三级考试的试题内容具有明显的“辟王尊朱”经学立场,使其具有鲜明的学术思潮转型印记。

The schools of classical learning changed or developed greatly in both Ming and Qing dynasties. These two dynasties saw the formation of the ideological trend of "rejecting Wang and revering Zhu", and Cheng and Zhu’s Neo-Confucianism regained the orthodox position of ideology, while Yangming philosophy was accused as the culprit of "rebel against orthodoxy". This thought of Confucian Classics not only promoted the implementation of the Qing government’s cultural and educational policy of "respecting Confucianism and valuing Taoism" and strengthened efforts to rectify the habits and customs of scholars, but also exerted a profound influence on the imperial examination, which was regarded as the "great ceremony of selecting talents". The test contents of the third level examination had the obvious Confucian classics position of "rejecting Wang and revering Zhu", which made it have a distinctive mark of the transformation of classic thought.