基于全相位快速傅里叶变换的主轴不平衡特征提取及实验

Unbalanced feature extraction and experiment of spindle based on the all phase fast Fourier transform method

主轴作为数控机床的核心部件,因其质量不平衡而产生的振动严重影响机床的加工精度。对主轴不平衡振动进行有效抑制的前提是需要准确提取振动信号特征。为了准确提取主轴系统的不平衡振动特征,获取振动幅值和相位,提出基于全相位快速傅里叶变换的主轴不平衡振动特征提取方法,全相位快速傅里叶变换利用自身的频谱分析功能实现对信号相位和振幅的准确提取。分别通过仿真与实验的方式将该方法与其他3种方法进行振动特征提取对比,全相位傅里叶变换提取振动幅值和相位准确度和稳定性更好,提取后的振动相位准确性可达97%,而提取后进行动平衡振动抑制实验,振动量下降65.21%,进一步验证了该方法的有效性。

The spindle is the core component of the numerical control machine tool.The vibration caused by the mass imbalance seriously affects the machining accuracy of the machine tool.To suppress the spindle unbalanced vibration,it needs to accurately extract feature of the vibration signal.To identify the unbalanced vibration amplitude and phase of the spindle system,a feature extraction method based on the all-phase fast Fourier transform is proposed.The all phase fast Fourier transform can accurately extract the phase and amplitude of the signal by using spectrum analysis function.This method is compared with other three methods to extract the vibration feature of the signal collected by simulation and experiment.Results show that the all-phase Fourier transform can achieve better vibration amplitude and phase accuracy and stability.The accuracy of the vibration phase after extraction can reach 97%,and the dynamic balance vibration suppression experiment can be reduced by 65.21%after extraction.The effectiveness of the method is further verified.