中国听力残疾老年人社会参与功能障碍现状及其影响因素分析

Social participation restriction and its related factors among Chinese older adults with hearing disability

目的了解中国听力残疾老年人的社会参与功能障碍现状及其影响因素,为提高听力残疾老年人的生活质量提供参考依据。方法收集2006年第二次全国残疾人抽样调查数据中39166例≥60岁听力残疾老年人相关数据,分析不同程度听力残疾老年人的社会参与功能障碍现状及其影响因素。结果中国39166例听力残疾老年人中,有社会参与功能障碍老年人33524例,社会参与功能障碍率为85.59%;13156例中度和26010例重度听力残疾老年人中,有社会参与功能障碍老年人分别为10092和23432例,中度和重度听力残疾老年人社会参与功能障碍率分别为76.71%和90.09%。多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄≥80岁是中国中度听力残疾老年人社会参与功能障碍的危险因素,文化程度小学及以上、有配偶、家庭人均年收入≥1401元、居住在城镇、所在地区经济水平为中等和较高人类发展指数(HDI)是中国中度听力残疾老年人社会参与功能障碍的保护因素;年龄≥70岁是中国重度听力残疾老年人社会参与功能障碍的危险因素,文化程度小学及以上、有配偶、家庭人均年收入≥1401元、居住在城镇、所在地区经济水平为中等和较高HDI是中国重度听力残疾老年人社会参与功能障碍的保护因素。结论中国听力残疾老年人普遍存在社会参与功能障碍,严重程度越重,社会参与功能障碍越广泛;年龄、文化程度、配偶情况、家庭人均年收入、居住地和所在地区社会经济水平是影响其参与社会生活的主要因素。

Objective To examine the prevalence and influncing factors of social participation restriction(SPR)among Chinese elderly residents with hearing disability(HD)and to provide evidences for promoting quality of life among the elderly with HD.Methods The data on 39166 elderly residents(60 years old and older)with HD were extracted from the Second National Sample Survey on Disability in China in 2006.The HD severity of was categoried according to the criteria recommended by World Health Organization(WHO)in 2016 and the SPR was assessed based on WHO Disability Assessment Schedule under the framework of International Classification of Functioning,Disability and Health(ICF).Chisquare test and unconditionsl multivariate logistic regression were utilized to analyze the SPR and its impact factors among the residents with various severities of HD.Results Among all the participants,33524 were assessed with SPR,with a prevalence rate of 85.59%;among the participants with moderate HD or severe HD,the SPR prevalence rate was 76.71%(10092/13156)and 90.09%(23432/26010),respectively.The results of regression analysis showed that≥80 years was a main risk factor of SPR for the participants with moderate HD but aged≥70 years was a main risk factor of SPR for the participants with severe HD;having an education of primary schoo and above,with a spouse,having family income of≥1401 yuan RMB per capita,and living in an urban region or regions with moderate or high human development index(HDI)were protective factors against SPR for the participants with moderate or severe HD.Conclusion Social participation restriction is greatly prevalent and mainly influenced by the disability severity,age,marital status,education,family income,and socio-economic development level of living region among elderly residents with hearing disability in China.