何种“国际”与谁之“标准”——欧美国际标准界定之争及对中国的启示

Which Kind of “International” and Whose “Standard”——The Dispute on the Definition of International Standard between EU and US and Its Implications to China

作为全球贸易的"通用语言",国际标准的含义与范围尚存争议。欧盟和美国基于各自标准化体制和主导标准化领域,分别在多边和区域层面提出不同的国际标准概念,以便推动各自标准上升为国际标准,进而争夺国际标准的制定权。欧盟主张ISO、IEC和ITU等政府间或政府主导型国际组织制定的标准为排他性国际标准,美国则主张凡是符合WTO《TBT委员会国际标准决议》之要求的标准均可成为国际标准。中国应借鉴欧美之实践,革新其奉行30年之久的传统国际标准观念,根据《TBT委员会国际标准决议》完善团体标准制定制度,并通过对外缔结自由贸易协定等推动作为国际标准的中国标准"走出去"。

As the ligua franca of global trade,the meaning and scope of international standard are still under debate.Basing on different standardization systems and advantageous standardization fields,EU and US propose different definitions of international standard on multilateral and regional forum to dominate the development of international standard.EU opines that the standards developed by ISO,IEC and ITU,which are inter-governmental or government-based international organizations,be exclusive international standard.US proposes that any standard which complied with WTO TBT Committee Decision on International Standard can be deemed as international standard.China should draw on EU and US’s practices,reform the traditional international standard perception held for 30 years,improve the development of group standard by the TBT Committee Decision on International Standard,and promote Chinese standards to go global as international standards through FTAs.