论投资者与东道国争端调解机制的透明度规则问题

On Transparency Rules of Investor——State Mediation Mechanism

投资仲裁以商事仲裁为范本,晚近经历透明度改革浪潮的洗礼后,逐渐摆脱商事仲裁的保密性,走向透明和公开。另一从国际商事争端解决模型中借鉴而来的制度——投资调解也面临着同样的透明度压力。但仲裁与调解的透明程度存在区别,在审理公开、文件披露、第三方参与等透明度规则设计上二者存在诸多制度差异。投资调解的成功应用离不开恰当的透明度定位。调解需在坚持保密原则的基础上适当回应投资争端解决的透明度需求,其透明度应总体介于商事调解的保密与投资仲裁的透明度之间。在构建投资调解透明度规则时,仍需考量其他诸多因素,不存在普遍适用的最佳透明度。

Investment arbitration is modeled on commercial arbitration.After experiencing the tide of transparency reform recently,it has gradually got rid of the confidentiality of commercial arbitration and became transparent and open.Investment mediation,another institution borrowed from the international commercial dispute settlement model,also faces the same pressure in transparency.However,the degree of transparency of arbitration and mediation is not the same.There are many institutional differences in the design of transparency rules,such as public hearing,access to documents,non-disputing party submissions and so on.The successful application of investment mediation is inseparable from the correct positioning of transparency.In short,it is necessary to appropriately respond to the need for transparency in the investor-state dispute settlement on the basis of adherence to the principle of confidentiality,and its transparency should generally fall between the confidentiality of commercial mediation and the transparency of investment arbitration.When constructing investment mediation transparency rules,it’s necessary to consider many other factors,because there is no universally applicable optimal transparency.