影响口咽癌患者术后吞咽功能的危险因素与防护策略

Risk factors of affected the swallowing function of patients with oropharyngeal cancer and its preventive strategy

目的探讨影响口咽癌患者术后吞咽功能的危险因素,总结预防性护理干预措施。方法选取2016年6月至2019年6月收治的193例拟行口咽癌手术患者,记录患者一般资料、病理诊断、舌切除部位、肿瘤等级、治疗方法等相关资料,对影响口咽癌患者术后吞咽功能的因素进行单因素和多因素分析。结果本组患者中有61例(31.61%)发生术后吞咽功能障碍;多因素logistic回归分析显示,肿瘤等级、颈淋巴细胞清扫术、放疗、术后功能锻炼为影响口咽癌术后吞咽功能的独立危险因素。结论口咽癌患者手术治疗后受疾病、治疗及护理因素影响,严重影响其术后语言表达与吞咽功能,因此,医护人员应根据患者个体情况制定相应干预措施,预防和缓解症状发生对生活质量的影响。

Objective To explore the risk factors that affected the swallowing function of patients with oropharyngeal cancer,and summarize the preventive nursing intervention measures.Methods We selected 193 cases of patients undergoing oropharyngeal cancer surgery from June 2016 to June 2019,and the general information of the patients,pathological diagnosis,resection site of tongue,tumor grade,treatment methods and other related information were recorded,the factors of postoperative swallowing function were analyzed by single factor and multivariate.Results There were 61 cases(31.61%)of patients in this group that had postoperative swallowing dysfunction.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the tumor grade,cervical lymphocyte dissection,radiotherapy,postoperative functional exercise were the independent risk factors that affected the swallowing function after oropharyngeal cancer surgery.Conclusion After surgery,the patients with oropharyngeal cancer were affected by disease,treatment and nursing factors,which severely affected their postoperative language expression and swallowing function,therefore,medical staff should formulate corresponding intervention measures according to the patient's individual conditions to prevent and relieve the impact of symptoms on the quality life.