先天性心脏病介入术前营养状况影响因素分析

Analysis of influencing factors of nutritional status in children with congenital heart disease before interventional operation

目的调查先天性心脏病患儿介入术前营养状况及家庭相关因素,分析患儿术前营养状况对治疗效果的影响,以及家庭因素对患儿营养状况的影响。方法选择中山市大涌医院、中山市博爱医院2017年4月-2019年3月收治并进行介入手术的130例先天性心脏病患儿及其父母作为研究对象。采用Z评分法对其术前营养状况进行调查。结果轻度营养不良占47.69%,中度营养不良占30.77%,重度营养不良占21.54%;发育迟缓占15.38%;低体重占24.62%,消瘦占26.92%。轻、中、重度营养不良患儿的住院总时长、术后感染发病率、住院总花费之间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。营养不良组中父母中低教育水平比例、营养相关知识欠缺比例均高于对照组,疾病知识问卷得分低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组间母亲的年龄和父母收入水平差异无统计意义(P>0.05)。结论选择合适的健康教育内容和干预方式对先天性心脏病患儿父母进行干预,有助于改善患儿营养状况,提升手术治疗效果,值得临床推广应用。

Objective To investigate the nutritional status and family related factors in children with congenital heart disease before interventional operation,and to analyze the effect of preoperative nutritional status on the treatment effect and the influence of family factors on the nutritional status of children.Methods From April 2017 to March 2019,130 children with congenital heart disease who were admitted to Zhongshan Dachong Hospital and Zhongshan Boai Hospital and underwent interventional surgery and their parents were selected as the study objects.The preoperative nutritional status of the children were investigated by Z-score method.Results The proportion of mild malnutrition was 47.69%,the proportion of moderate malnutrition was 30.77%,the proportion of severe malnutrition was 21.54%,the developmental delay was 15.38%,the lower body weight was 24.62%,and the emaciation was 26.92%.There were significant differences between the total length of the hospital,the incidence of postoperative infection and the total cost hospitalization(P<0.05).The proportion of middle and low education of parents and the proportion of lack of nutrition related knowledge in the malnutrition group were higher than those of the control group,and the score of the disease knowledge questionnaire was lower than that of the control group,and the differences above were all statistically significant(P<0.05).There were no statistical significance between the age of the mother and the income of the parents in the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion Choosing appropriate health education content and intervention method to intervene the parents of children with congenital heart disease was helpful to improve the nutritional status of children and improve the effect of surgical treatment,which was worthy of clinical promotion and application.