头颈部肿瘤放射性皮肤反应的防治与护理进展

Progress in prevention,treatment and nursing of radiation skin reaction in head and neck tumor

头颈部肿瘤是临床中5大常见的恶性肿瘤之一,主要以区域性淋巴结转移为主。头颈部肿瘤远处转移发生率低,对放射治疗敏感。放射治疗作为头颈部肿瘤的重要治疗手段,受到越来越广泛的临床应用,但其带来的副作用也越来越引起人们的关注。在大多数恶性肿瘤的治疗中,超过70%的患者需要放射治疗,但是由于头颈部皮肤薄弱和放疗剂量较大,在放疗区域很容易引起不同程度的皮肤和黏膜反应,表现为局部皮肤瘙痒、灼热、红斑、溃疡以及水泡等。这种不良反应不仅给患者造成了极大的心理负担,而且会影响患者的治疗效果,造成不良预后。目前,临床上主要加强对头颈部肿瘤放射性皮肤反应患者的的防治与护理,加强放射性治疗前的防治措施,以减轻放射性治疗对头颈部肿瘤患者的皮肤反应,同时提高放射性治疗后的护理,以改善患者症状,提高生活质量,促进头颈部肿瘤放射性皮肤反应的恢复。因此,本文对头颈部肿瘤放射性皮肤反应患者的防治与护理进行综述,为临床治疗提供参考依据。

Head and neck tumor is one of the 5 most common malignant tumors in clinic,which is mainly regional lymph node metastasis.The incidence of distant metastasis of head and neck tumor is low,which is sensitive to radiotherapy.As an important treatment for head and neck tumors,radiotherapy has been widely used in clinic,but its side effects have attracted more and more attention.In the treatment of most malignant tumors,more than 70%of the patients need radiotherapy.However,because of the weak skin of the head and neck and the high dose of radiotherapy,it is easy to cause skin and mucous reaction in different degree in the radiotherapy area,such as local skin itching,burning,erythema,ulcers,and blisters.This kind of adverse reaction not only causes a great psychological burden to the patients,but also affects the therapeutic effect of the patients and resulting in a bad prognosis.At present,in clinical practice,the main work is to strengthen the prevention,treatment and nursing of the patients with radiation skin reaction of head and neck tumors,strengthen the prevention and treatment measures before radiotherapy,so as to reduce the skin reaction of the patients with head and neck tumors after radiotherapy;at the same time,the nursing after radiotherapy should be improved,so as to improve patients’symptoms and quality of life,and promote the recovery of radiation skin reaction of head and neck tumor.Therefore,this paper summarizes the prevention,treatment and nursing of the patients with radiation skin reaction of head and neck tumor,and provides reference for clinical treatment.