台湾社区营造的公共精神空心化及其教训

Hollowing Out of Public Spirit of Community Empowerment in Taiwan China and Dilemma of Transplant in China's Mainland

我国的地方政府推行社区营造模式(简称“社造”)难以持续的教训通常被归因为环境差异或本土化运作偏差。本研究通过“国家—社会”关系视角分析台湾省的社造政策实践过程,发现台湾地区社造的公共精神空心化是大陆社造困境的前置根源。社造的公共精神空心化过程表现为:台湾当局“主动嫁接”联合国社区发展计划,置换社造的公共精神,由上而下主导实践过程;民间“创造性回应”,在公民权利、文化与环境等多方面自下而上地争取社会空间,公共精神得以浮现;台湾当局则通过密集制度化由上而下统合民间社造力量,并进一步通过“辅导型治理”,通过人才培育、资金分配等方式进一步精细吸纳、调控,导致社造的公共精神空心化。而大陆“选择性复制”的社造本土化策略,使得公共精神空心化随之“迁移”而来。这种公共精神的先天不足与政府购买社会服务的项目化运作,共同造就了社造难以持续的困局。

he reasons for the dilemma of the local government's implementation of community empowerment model(referred to as CE)are generally resulted to different environment or location operation bias.From the perspective of"government&society"relationship,this study analyzes the process of social policy practice in Taiwan,and finds that the hollowing out of public spirit of CE policy in Taiwan is the pre source of CE dilemma in China's Mainland.The Taiwan authorities‘take the initiative to graft’community development plan of the United Nations,replace the public spirit of CE,and lead the practice process from the top to the bottom.Creative response of the folk strives for social space from the bottom up in many aspects such as civil rights,culture and environment,and the public spirit emerges.And then,the Taiwan authorities further absorb and regulate the public spirit of CE through‘governance of guidance’,talent cultivation,fund distribution and other ways.The hollowing out of the public spirit of CE comes into being.The localization strategy of‘selective replication’that local governments adopt in China's Mainland makes the hollowing out of public spirit migrate with it.consequently,The inherent deficiency of this public spirit and the project operation of government purchasing social services jointly create a difficult situation for CE to be sustainable.