基于等价产量的不同轮作模式作物资源利用效率研究

Research on Resource Utilization Efficiency of Different Crop Rotation Modes Based on Equivalent Yield

为了更好地利用华北平原南部的自然资源,充分发挥该区域光、温、水、土资源的优势,于2016年6月—2019年6月以玉米-小麦→玉米-小麦→玉米-小麦(T1)、大豆-小麦→大豆-小麦→玉米-小麦(T2)、花生-小麦→花生-小麦→玉米-小麦(T3)、甘薯-小麦→甘薯-小麦→玉米-小麦(T4)4种轮作模式为研究对象,以经济价值为考核依据,用等价代换法对不同作物产量进行等价转换,并运用相关分析和灰色关联分析法对这几种模式光、温、水、土资源利用效率及作物等价产量(EGY)进行分析。结果表明,T3模式的光能利用率(RUE)、积温生产效率(PEGDD)、水分利用效率(WUE)皆为最高,分别为0.78%、5.37 kg/(hm^2·℃)、28.05 kg/mm;T1模式仅次于T3模式,RUE、PEGDD、WUE分别为0.61%、4.82 kg/(hm^2·℃)、25.28 kg/mm。对作物EGY及自然资源的相关分析可知,EGY与PEGDD、WUE呈极显著正相关,与土地利用率(LUE)呈显著正相关;进而以EGY为母系列,自然资源利用率为子系列进行灰色关联度分析可知,各种资源利用效率关系为PEGDD>WUE>LUE>RUE。综上所述,积温生产效率与水分利用效率对产量的影响较大,而T3模式与T1模式的整体自然资源利用率较高。

In order to take full advantage of natural resources(such as radiation,effective accumulated temperature,rainfall and soil)in the southern part of the North China Plain,we implemented some years of rotation patterns,including maize-wheat→maize-wheat→maize-wheat(T1),soybean-wheat→soybean-wheat→maize-wheat(T2),peanut-wheat→peanut-wheat→maize-wheat(T3),sweet potato-wheat→sweet potato-wheat→maize-wheat(T4)from June 2016 to June 2019.On the basis of economic value,different crop yields were converted by equivalent substitution method,and the utilization efficiencies of radiation,effective accumulated temperature,rainfall,and soil and crop equivalent yield(EGY)of these modes during the trial period were analyzed by the methods of correlation analysis and grey correlation analysis.The results showed that,radiation use efficiency(RUE),accumulated temperature productive efficiency(PEGDD)and water use efficiency(WUE)of T3 were all the highest among these four modes,which were respectively up to 0.78%,5.37 kg/(ha·℃)28.05 kg/mm.And T1 was next to T3,with 0.61%of RUE,4.82 kg/(ha·℃)of PEGDD and 25.28 kg/mm of WUE.Then correlation analysis of EGY and these four natural resources demonstrated that there was a highly significant positive correlation between EGY and PEGDD or WUE,and a significant positive correlation between EGY and land use efficiency(LUE).Furthermore,after grey correlation analysis with EGY as the parent series and natural resource utilization efficiencies as the sub-series,we could see that these four resource utilization efficiencies were in sequence as PEGDD>WUE>LUE>RUE.In summary,the yield(EGY)was more impacted by PEGDD and WUE,and these natural resources utilization efficiencies in T3 and T1 modes were much more than others.