3种鸫科鸟类的性别鉴定研究

Study on the Sex Identification of Three Species of Turdidae

通过形态学与分子生物学方法对3种鸫科(Turdidae)鸟类赤颈鸫(Turdus ruficollis)、红尾鸫(Turdus naumanni)、斑鸫(Turdus eunomus)进行性别鉴定。以CHD基因性别鉴定为基准,讨论形态学与微卫星性别鉴定的准确率与可行性。结果表明,3种鸫科鸟类中赤颈鸫能够通过形态学进行性别鉴定,其准确率为0.89%;红尾鸫与斑鸫的性别鉴定准确率仅为0.57%和0.38%,无法通过形态学进行有效的性别鉴定。形态学性别鉴定存在局限性,受鸟类年龄、季节、地区的影响明显,并且对个体特征不清晰或个体残缺样本不能进行有效鉴定。此次试验中99只个体仅73只具有完整形态,剩余个体只能通过分子生物学方法进行性别鉴定。微卫星鉴定与CHD基因性别鉴定结果存在不一致的现象,总体准确率仅0.88%,且鉴定错误的12只个体均是将雄性鉴定为雌性,原因可能是该微卫星位点跨物种使用时与性别连锁度降低。相较于微卫星鉴定需要毛细管电泳分型,CHD基因性别鉴定方法只需要对扩增产物进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳,该鉴定方法更简便、成本更低。

The genders of three species of Turdidae birds(Turdus ruficollis,Turdus naumanni,and Turdus eunomus)were identified by morphological and molecular biological methods.Based on the sex identification of CHD gene,the accuracy and feasibility of morphological and microsatellite sex identification were discussed.The results showed that the red necked thrush could be identified by morphology with an accuracy of 0.89%,while the red tailed thrush and spotted thrush with an accuracy of only 0.57%and 0.38%,which could not be identified by morphology.There were limitations in morphological sex identification,which was obviously affected by the age,season and region of birds,and for the individual characteristics were not clear or individual incomplete samples could not be effectively identified.Only 73 of the 99 birds in this experiment had complete morphology,and the rest could only be identified by molecular biological methods.The results of microsatellite identification and sex identification of CHD gene were inconsistent,the overall accuracy was only 0.88%,and the 12 birds identified incorrectly were all male samples identified as female,which might be due to the decrease of sex linkage when the microsatellite site was used across species.Microsatellite identification needed capillary electrophoresis typing.While the CHD gene identification method only needed agarose gel electrophoresis for the amplified products.This method was simpler and cheaper.