蔓长春花绣线菊蚜消长动态及耐寒性研究

Study on the Growth and Decline Rules and Cold Tolerance of Aphis citricola Van der Goot on Vinca major

[目的]探明蔓长春花上的绣线菊蚜在上海地区的消长动态。[方法]调查绣线菊蚜的寄主及危害程度;于2018年11月-2019年11月,抽样调查野外蔓长春花上绣线菊蚜的消长动态;进行了过冷却点测定及低温冷冻试验。[结果]绣线菊蚜的寄主达32种;蔓长春花上的绣线菊蚜种群于4月下旬及11月下旬分别出现1次大高峰,而1-3、6-7月上旬几乎未见,其余时段以低水平发生,全年未见性蚜;绣线菊蚜各虫态的过冷却点均低于-15℃;在-13℃下放置24、48 h,蔓长春花上的绣线菊蚜的存活率均在70%以上。[结论]在上海地区,绣线菊蚜在蔓长春花上不以卵越冬,而是迁飞至设施栽培内进行繁衍、过冬。绣线菊蚜有较强的耐寒性,进一步佐证了绣线菊蚜以孤雌蚜过冬的猜测。探讨了利用蔓长春花绣线菊蚜饲养天敌,进而控制靶标蚜虫,构建新的载体植物系统的可能性。

[Objective]To explore the growth and decline rules of Aphis citricola Van der Goot on Vinca major in Shanghai.[Method]The host plants and the damage degree of Aphis citricola Van der Goot were investigated;from November 2018 to November 2019,the growth and decline rules of the aphids on Vinca major was investigated by the field sampling survey.The supercooling point and the freezing test were also conducted for the aphids.[Result]There were 32 species of host plants for Aphis citricola Van der Goot On Vinca major,there was a peak of the aphid population each in late April and late November,the aphids became very rare from January to March,June to early July respectively,and occurred at a low level in the rest of the year.No sexupara of the aphid was found in the whole year;The cold tolerance experiment of the aphid showed that the supercooling point of each aphid type or state was lower than-15℃;when the aphids were kept at-13℃for 24 and 48 h respectively,the survival rates were over 70%.[Conclusion]In Shanghai,Aphis citricola Van der Goot did not overwinter as eggs on Vinca major,but migrate to the protected cultivation for reproduction and overwintering.It was further confirmed that the aphid overwinter as viviparous female by the cold tolerance experiment.The possibility of constructing a new carrier plant system by breeding natural enemies with Aphis citricola Van der Goot to control target aphids was explored.