中国农业生产性服务业支持政策的演变轨迹、框架与调整思路

Policy Track,Framework and Improvement Direction of Agricultural Productive Service Industry in China

农业生产性服务业是推进乡村产业振兴、促进小农户与现代农业发展有机衔接的重要抓手。目前,农业生产性服务业已经具有相当大的产业规模,处于发展与升级并重的关键时期,呈现农业全产业链服务均衡发展局面逐步形成、多元市场服务主体错位发展和分工协作格局逐渐显现、公益性与经营性服务业务融合发展进程明显加快的发展趋势。通过梳理农业生产性服务业支持政策的演变和现状发现:支持政策存在忽视农户在提供农业生产性服务中的作用和服务本身给农户带来的增收作用,与不同服务主体的分层分类发展格局、农业需求演变态势尚未完全匹配,与农业生产经营支持政策尚未有效衔接,顺应公益性与经营性服务融合发展趋势的支持政策亟待加强等问题。要将明确把农业服务户作为重点扶持对象,差异化支持不同服务主体,动态调整政策匹配服务需求,加强公益性与经营性服务融合创新,以及探索与土地规模经营有效衔接机制,作为未来农业生产性服务业支持政策调整或创新的方向。

Agricultural productive service industry was an important grasp to promote the revitalization of rural industry and the organic connection between small farmers and modern agricultural development.It was in a critical period of both development and upgrading,and showed the gradual formation of a balanced development situation of services in the whole agricultural chain,the gradual emergence of division and cooperation of multi-market subjects,the obvious acceleration of the integration of public welfare and business-oriented services.By reviewing the evolution of support policies for agricultural productive services,some problems were found,such as neglecting the role of farmers in providing agricultural productive services and increasing income brought by services themselves;not fully matching the development of different service subjects in different levels and classifications and the evolution trend of agricultural demand,and not effectively linking up with the support policies for agricultural production and operation.In addition,supporting policies that conform to the trend of integration of public welfare and business services need to be strengthened urgently.The solutions to these problems were the space for policy improvement,which should be taken as the direction for policy adjustment or innovation of agricultural productive service industry in the future.