施用茶栽食用菌菌渣对茶叶产量及生化成分的影响

Effects of Edible Fungus Residues Cultivated with Tea Branches and Leaves on Tea Yield and Biochemical Components

采用茶枝叶栽培香菇后的食用菌菌渣,以等氮量的100%、80%、60%、40%、20%、0,替代化肥施用茶园。研究不同比例菌渣替代化肥对茶叶产量及其生化成分的影响。3年配施结果显示:与单纯施用化肥(处理6)相比,随茶菌渣配施比例增加,茶青产量持续递减;完全施用菌渣(处理1)的产量为6196.80 kg·hm^-2减产10.41%(P<0.05),各处理减产幅度为0.48%~10.41%。儿茶素品质指数处理3最大为621.98,且与其他处理差异显著(P<0.05);儿茶素苦涩味指数随菌渣用量呈增加趋势,增幅为2.67%~12.63%,但处理间差异不显著(P>0.05)。酯型儿茶素质量分数随茶菌渣替代率增加而增大,以处理1最大为4.27%,较处理6提高10.62%,但各处理间差异不显著(P>0.05)。水浸出物、茶多酚、可可碱、儿茶素、游离氨基酸等7项生化成分指标的变化规律并非完全一致,显示短期茶菌渣的增施尚未对茶树代谢产生一致性影响。

Waste from shiitake cultivated on substrate containing trigs and leaves form tea bushes was used to replace chemical fertilizers at a tea plantation for this study.Nitrogen(N)replacements for the experimentation were designed to be 100,80,60,40,20,and 0%.The yield of the plants and biochemical composition of the leaves from the tea bushes grown under various fertilization treatments for 3 years were determined.The resulting output on fresh tea leaves on the plants decreased as the percentage of the mushroom waste to replace N fertilizer for fertilization increased.The yield of 6196.80 kg?hm^-2 under treatment 1 replacement reduced 10.41%of that of CK.For the other replacements,the reductions on leaf yield ranged from as low as 0.48%to the highest at 10.41%.Significantly different from the other treatments(P<0.05),treatment 3 produced the maximum catechin quality index of 621.98 in the leaves of the fertilized tea plants.Similar among treatments,the catechin astringent index of the tea increased,ranging from 2.67%to 12.63%,with increasing N replacement rate(P>0.05).The mass fraction of ester catechins in tea rose with the increased replacement to 4.27%,which was 10.62%higher than that of treatment 6,but no significant differences among the treatments(P>0.05).The changes on 7 biochemical indicators including water extract,tea polyphenols,theobromine,catechins,and amino acids in the tea leaves varied by the treatments.It indicated that the substitution of N with the mushroom waste did not yet show a consistent long-term effect on the plant metabolism in the duration of the experiment.