传统与变革:我国本科院校大类招生培养模式与分类体系

Tradition and Change:Research on the Modes and Classification of Large-category-enrolment and Training of Undergraduate Students in China

人才培养模式是教育质量的首要问题,改革人才培养模式是教学改革的核心内容。改革开放以来我国高校的大类招生培养模式经历了孕育、试点、发展三个阶段的探索历程。根据前期大类培养所依托的组织不同,目前国内高校开展的大类招生培养模式可分为学院内大类招生培养、跨学院大类招生培养、开设实验班大类招生培养、成立本科生院大类招生培养等四种模式。这四类模式的主要不同之处在于处理通识教育和专业教育的关系、实践中与制度化的大学体系的矛盾冲突等方面采用了不同的方式。不同类型的高校在大类招生培养模式的选择上一定要立足学校的办学实际和人才培养目标,坚持以学生为本,致力于人才培养质量的提升。

Personnel training mode is the primary concern of education quality,and its reform is the core content of teaching reform in universities and colleges.Since the reform and opening up,the Large-category-enrolment training mode of students in Chinese universities and colleges has experienced three stages of development:incubation,experiment and development.According to the different supporting organizations,the current large-category-enrolment training mode in domestic colleges and universities can be divided into four types:intra-college,inter-college,experimental class,and undergraduate college.The main differences between them lie in the ways in dealing with the relationship between general education and professional education and in the contradictions and conflicts with the institutionalized university system in practice.The selection of large-category-enrolment and training mode of different types of colleges and universities should be based on actual operation and personnel training objectives of the schools.