产业结构转型与职业教育办学模式改革——基于对美国、德国、日本、中国的比较分析

Industrial Structure Transformation and Reform of Vocational Education Running Mode

职业教育办学模式改革不只是教育问题,而且是经济问题、社会问题,应该跳出教育视域寻找其逻辑起点。职业教育办学模式主要涉及三对关系范畴:一是不同办学主体的协作配合;二是不同办学层次之间的内部衔接;三是职业教育产学关系的构建。回顾美国、德国、日本、中国职业教育办学模式形成历程,可以发现,职业教育办学模式是职业教育与产业结构互动的产物,产业结构转型是推动职业教育办学模式改革的直接动力。当前,在中国产业结构转型背景下,技能短缺问题日益突出,需要采取创新职业教育办学形式,明确办学主体角色定位,提升职业教育学历层次,强化职业教育课程衔接,重构产学合作国家框架,培育企业校企合作意识等措施,深化以完善现代职业教育体系为核心的职业教育办学模式改革。

The reform of vocational education running mode is not only an educational issue,but also an economic and social issue.We should look for its logical starting point out of the perspective of education.The running mode of vocational education mainly involves three pairs of relationship categories,one is the cooperation of different school running subjects,the other is the internal connection between different school running levels,and the third is the construction of the relationship between industry and school in vocational education.Looking back on the formation process of vocational education running mode in America,Germany,Japan and China,we can conclude that vocational education running mode is the product of the interaction between vocational education and industrial structure,and industrial structure transformation is the direct driving force to promote the reform of vocational education running mode.Nowadays,under the background of Chinese industrial structure transformation,the problem of skill shortage is becoming more and more serious,In order to deepen the running mode reform of vocational education in terms of the improvement of modern vocational education system,we should innovate the form of vocational education.And define the role of the main body of the school;improve the educational level of vocational education,and strengthen the connection of vocational education courses;reconstruct the national framework of production and learning cooperation,and cultivate the sense of school-enterprise cooperation.