《黄帝内经》气味配伍理论对祛湿类经方的影响

The Influence of Theory of Property-Flavor Compatibility in Huangdi′s Internal Classic on Dampness-Dispelling Formulas

《黄帝内经》对"风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火"之间的关系进行阐述,包括淫胜(包括司天,在泉)、反胜(包括司天,在泉)、相胜、相复、主胜和客胜等8个方面,说明了在各种病理情况下,如何根据药物的气味进行方剂的配伍。每一种邪气致病,都可以根据相应的气味配伍规律组方。因此,每一种邪气在8种不同的情况下,对应有8种配伍方式。《黄帝内经》治疗湿邪为患的疾病,以热性、苦味、甘味、淡味药物为主,辅以寒性、辛酸味药物。说明湿邪有寒热之分,体现了"热者寒之,寒者热之"的原则。《伤寒杂病论》中,祛湿方剂共33篇,此处之"湿"指外感湿邪和脾胃内生湿邪。分析其中代表方剂可知,《黄帝内经》中的气味配伍方法在祛湿类经方中运用广泛;《黄帝内经》中的8种气味配伍方法在祛湿类经方中并非完全独立使用,而是根据辨证论治结合使用或单独使用;祛湿类经方药物在四气选择上有寒有热,在五味选择上,多用苦味、辛味、甘味药物,其中必用苦味药物。

Huangdi′s Internal Classic expounds the relationship between"wind,cold,heat,dampness,dryness and fire"including eight aspects:pathogenous qi restricting(including celestial control and terrestrial effect),counter restricting(including celestial control and terrestrial effect),mutual restricting,vindictive restricting,dominant restricting and subordinate restricting,etc.,which explains how to combine formulas according to the property and flavor under various pathological conditions.For each kind of disease caused by pathogenic qi,we can combine formulas according to the corresponding property-flavor compatibility law.Therefore,there are eight compatibility modes for each pathogenic qi in eight different situations.In terms of diseases due to dampness,in Huangdi′s Internal Classic,the medicinals with hot nature,bitter and sweet and bland flavor combined with those with cold nature and pungent and sour flavor are used.It shows that dampness can be divided into cold and heat and embodies the principle of"treating disease due to heat with cold therapy and treating disease due to cold with heat therapy".There are 33 chapters about dampness-dispelling formulas in Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases.The term"dampness"here refers to exogenous dampness and endogenous dampness in the spleen and stomach.By analyzing the representative formulas,we can see that the methods of property-flavor compatibility in Huangdi Internal Classic are widely used in dampness-dispelling formulas;the eight property-flavor compatibility methods in Huangdi Internal Classic are not completely used independently,but are used in combination with syndrome differentiation and treatment or alone;In the selection of four properties,there are cold and heat medicinals in the classical dampness-dispelling formulas,while in the selection of five flavors,bitter,pungent and sweet medicinals are often used,among which bitter ones are necessary.