胚乳切割与置换对小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

Effects of endosperm cutting and replacement on the germination and seedling growth of wheat

为探究异源胚乳对小麦种子萌发、幼苗生长的影响,利用胚乳置换法,将小麦种子胚乳切割并进行同品种和不同品种间胚乳置换,比较考察小麦幼苗农艺性状与生长速率的变化。结果显示,与正常种子相比,胚乳切割并置换同品种或不同品种外源种子活性胚乳后,胚的萌发基本正常,幼苗生长较为迟缓;置换失活异源胚乳的种子虽能萌发,但幼苗生长滞后,长势明显较弱。在3叶期之后,置换异源活性胚乳的麦苗生长加快,生长速率同于或快于正常对照幼苗,且成熟期植株个体性状和产量与正常对照差异不显著。结果表明,小麦种子胚乳可以切割并进行不同品种间胚乳置换,置换后胚与胚乳间的物质流动和幼苗生长速率减缓,但并未受到明显抑制。

In order to investigate the effect of heterogonous endosperm on wheat seed germination and seedling growth,the endosperm replacement method(wheat seed endosperm was cut and replaced by the same or different varieties’endosperm)was adopted to analyze and compare the agronomic characters and growth rate of wheat seedlings.The results showed that the germination of the embryo with exogenously active endosperm from the same or a different variety was not influenced and the development of the seedlings was slower compared with normal seeds.Although the seeds of the replacement inactivated heterospermic endosperm could germinate,the growth of the seedlings was delayed and its growth was obviously weak.After the 3 leaves unfolded,the growth of wheat seedlings with heterogonous endosperm was the same as or faster than that of normal control seedlings,and the individual characteristics and yield at the mature stage were not significantly different from those of normal controls.Therefore,the wheat seed endosperm could be replaced with different varieties.After the replacement,the material flow between embryo and endosperm as well as the seedling growth rate were slowed down,but not significantly inhibited.