三调耕地分等中全国标准耕作制度体系的确定

Determination of standard farming system in cultivated land classification of the third national land survey

应第三次全国国土调查"摸清自然资源家底"的要求,新一轮耕地质量分等需要将未投入使用、未体现现实质量,但具有开发潜力和潜在质量的耕地资源本底纳入分等因素中。标准耕作制度是耕地分等中计算耕地质量的一个重要参数,系统地从耕地资源本底的角度提出确定标准耕作制度的方法,对标准耕作制度的定义、确定原则、确定方法及结果进行更新,明晰耕地本底质量能更好地服务于三调耕地分等。基于耕地的气候资源本底和作物生态适宜性,应用定量模型法、GIS空间分析法和定性评价法进行分区归并和标准耕作制度确定。研究结果如下:1)通过建立地理要素与气候要素的空间关系,得到经过地形校正和优化的全国水热资源分布。2)依据熟制划分标准,得到不同水热资源条件下的全国潜在熟制空间分布。3)根据熟制和作物生态适宜性差异,进一步划分了12个标准耕作制度一级区和51个标准耕作制度二级区。4)结合作物种植优势和农业发展趋势,确定了不同分区内以熟制、作物组成配置为核心的标准耕作制度。以资源本底和作物生态适宜性为切入点确立了全国标准耕作制度体系,相比上一轮能够更客观地反映各地区在资源禀赋条件下能最大限度发挥土地生产潜力的典型耕作方式,可以作为区域土地利用的"标杆",适应未来农业发展需求。

In response to the request of the third national land survey of"Find out the natural resource background",the new round of grading factors for arable land quality needs to include arable land resources that are not put into use,do not reflect the actual quality,but have development potential and potential quality.The standard farming system is an important parameter for calculating the quality of cultivated land.This study systematically proposes a method for determining the standard farming system from the perspective of the background of cultivated land resources,and updates the definition,principles,methods and results of the standard farming system to better serve the new round of cultivated land classification.Based on the climatic resources background of the cultivated land and the ecological suitability of the crops,the quantitative model method,GIS spatial analysis method,and qualitative evaluation method are used for zonal consolidation and standard farming system determination.The research results are as follows:1)Through the establishment of the spatial relationship between geographic and climatic elements,the distribution of hydrothermal resources nationwide after terrain correction and optimization is obtained.2)According to the division criteria of muti-cropping system,the national potential cropping system spatial distribution under different hydrothermal resources is obtained.3)Based on the differences in cropping system and crop ecological suitability,12 standard farming system first-level areas and 51 standard farming system second-level areas are further divided.4)Combined with the advantages of crop cultivation and agricultural development trends,a standard farming system with a focus on cropping system and crop composition configuration in different sub-regions is determined.Based on the resource background and crop ecological suitability as the starting point,a national standard farming system has been established.Compared with the previous round,it can more objectively reflect the typical farming methods that can maximize the potential of land production under the conditions of resource endowment in various regions.As a"benchmark"for regional land use,it can meet the needs of future agricultural development.